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ELS > THE GEOSPHERE > Flashcards

THE GEOSPHERE Flashcards

1
Q

the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior.

A

Geosphere

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2
Q

all the living component of the planet

A

biosphere

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3
Q

give examples of ecosystems

A

aquatic, terrestrial, microbial community

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4
Q

known as the “skeleton of the planet”

A

geosphere

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5
Q

the geosphere is not ________ (unchanging)

A

static

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6
Q

_____ is in a constant state of motion

A

crust

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7
Q

what’s the reason why surface (crust) is in a constant state of motion?

A

plate tectonics movement

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8
Q

“rocky outermost layer of lithosphere” and thinnest layer

A

crust

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: continental crust (2.8 g/cm^3, lower density in felsic) and oceanic crust (2.9 g/cm^3, higher density in mafic)

A

true

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10
Q

crust is composed mainly of: __________

A

silicon and aluminum

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11
Q

it is the boundary between crust and upper mantle

A

mohorovicic discontinuity

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12
Q

does the temperature in mantle increases or decreases in depth?

A

increases

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13
Q

“middle layer of the earth”

A

mantle

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14
Q

mantle it is composed of dense rocks largely made up of the mineral called ______.

A

olivine

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15
Q

mantle is _______ km in thickness.

A

2900

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16
Q

mantle is divided into two parts:

A

upper mantle and lower mantle

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17
Q

what part of the mantle particularly is the key precursor that PLAYS a major role in the movement of plate tectonics.

A

upper mantle

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18
Q

describe asthenosphere

A

it is weak, soft, flowing and made up of plastic rocks

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: “once the asthenosphere moves, the plates above it remains” if false, give the correct answer.

A

false, the plates above it moves as well

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20
Q

how tectonic plates are moved around the globe?

A

through convection current

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21
Q

what is convection current?

A

a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another.

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22
Q

convection current is ____________ for the movement of the plates of Earth’s crust.

A

responsible

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23
Q

state the two concept of physics (clue. relation to convection cell)

A

everything that is hot ↑ rise and everything that is cold ↓ sinks.

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24
Q

give 1 example of ‘everything that is hot’ and ‘everything that is cold’

A

hot air balloon and placement of aircon

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: it’s hot when it’s near a hot mantle, the tendency of the asthenosphere once it rises, it will move to the left or right and cools down and goes down again.

A

true

26
Q

in summary, the asthenosphere is _____________.

A

occurring in cycles

27
Q

boundary between outer core and lower mantle

A

gutenberg discontinuity

28
Q

“the least explored because it is also the hottest layer”

A

core

29
Q

the layer of the earth core is believed to be ______.

A

metallic

30
Q

core is primarily composed of:

A

iron and nickel

31
Q

core is ______ km in thickness.

A

3400

32
Q

core is divided into two parts:

A

inner core and outer core

33
Q

LIQUID iron and nickel (2,250 km in thickness)

A

outer core

34
Q

SOLID iron and nickel (1,150 km in thickness)

A

inner core

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: core is the coldest and innermost layer of the Earth. if false, give the correct answer.

A

false, core is the hottest

36
Q

core is believed to be a layer of earth that formulates _____________ that produces magnetic fields.

A

electric current

37
Q

it is named after Inge Lehmann and boundary between the outer and inner core.

A

lehmann discontinuity

38
Q

pangea > ___________________ > 7 continents

A

gondwana and laurasia

39
Q

plates that move around on top of asthenosphere

A

tectonic plate movements

40
Q

name the 3 types of tectonic plate movements

A

divergent, convergent, and transform

41
Q

occurs when plates slide APART from each other.

A

divergent

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: divergent is spreading, constructive (oceanic lithosphere/sea floor spreading), ridge, involvement of volcanic activity.

A

true

43
Q

occurs when two plates SLIDE PAST each other.

A

convergent

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: subduction, destructive (oceanic floor is destroyed), creates a trench, involvement of volcanic activity.

A

true

45
Q

occurs when plates MOVE TOWARDS each other.

A

convergent

46
Q

earthquakes happen when two blocks of the earth _________________ one another.

A

suddenly slip past

47
Q

a seismic wave is measured by ______________.

A

a vertical seismograph

48
Q

what is the difference between seismograph and seismogram?

A

a seismogram is a RECORD of the seismic waves P(compressive and S (shearing) from an earthquake. a seismograph or seismometer is the MEASURING INSTRUMENT that creates the seismogram.

49
Q

give the two types of waves

A

body waves and surface waves

50
Q

UNDER the earth’s surface

A

body waves

51
Q

give the two types of body waves and give their definition

A

p wave is the fastest wave that can travel both through solid and liquid while s waves can travel in solid but not in liquid.

52
Q

ON the earth’s surface

A

surface waves

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: surface waves are recorded last on seismographs; there’s no responsible for damage and destruction. if false, give the correct answer.

A

false, it is responsible

54
Q

give the two types of surface waves and give their definition

A

rayleigh wave or r-wave vibration is in horizontal and vertical plane while love wave or l-wave is in back and forth vibration

55
Q

“almost the same as plate tectonic movements only that a fault is a result of an earthquake” (clue. the answer is in the quotation)

A

fault

56
Q

give the 3 types of fault

A

normal fault, reverse fault and strike-slip fault

57
Q

the fault is moving APART from each other.

A

normal fault

58
Q

the fault is moving towards each other.

A

reverse fault

59
Q

the fault is sliding towards each other.

A

strike-slip fault

60
Q

why is geosphere called as “the skeleton of the planet?”

A

it is the foundation of what Earth looks like

61
Q

two types of crust

A

continental crust and oceanic crust

ELS (4 decks)

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