unity and diversity of life Flashcards
what is unity
all life displays a common set of characteristics (principles 1-8)
what is diversity
life takes many different forms in diverse environments
what does evolutionary history help us to understand
the structure and function of an organism
what does evolutionary change mostly involve
modifications of pre-existing characteristics
why would some structures be modified
in order to serve new purposes
what is a homologous structure
two structures which are similar because they share a common origin
what is an example of homologous organisms
siblings
what is vertical descent with modification
the progression of changes in a lineage, a new species evolves from a pre-existing one
how does vertical descent with modification work
by the accumulation of mutations that are good, natural selection
what is horizontal gene transfer
a genetic exchange between DIFFERENT SPECIES
what is a modern example of horizontal gene transfer
antibiotic resistance genes can be transferred between different bacterial species
what is taxonomy
the grouping of species based to common ancestors. grouping by unity to emphasize diversity
in taxonomy, the smaller the group means what about the organisms within it
they are more closely related
what is bacteria
a unicellular prokaryote
what is a prokaryote
no organelles
what does a clade consist of
archaea and eukarya
what are the two domains of life
- bacteria
- a clade
what is archaea
a unicellular prokaryote
what is eukarya
unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes
what are examples of a clade
plant, fungi, and animal kingdoms
where did eukaryotes likely arise from
an endosymbiotic relationship between archaea and bacteria
when naming an organism scientifically, in what order do the names go
- genus
- species
is the genus name capitalized
yes
is the species name capitalized
no
do you italicize scientific names
yes
in what order are the taxonomic groups (least to most specific)
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
what is a genome
the complete genetic makeup of an organism
what is genomics
techniques used to analyze DNA sequences and compare the genomes of different species
what is a proteome
the complete complement of proteins of an organism
what is proteomics
techniques used to analyze the proteins of a species and compare the proteomes of different species
poodles and labs are classified as Canis lupus and both live in the same habitat. what are they considered
a population
if people are seeing their saliva to ancestry.com to find out their ancestry. the companies look at their DNA. what are these tests doing
comparing different genomes
