unity and diversity of life Flashcards

1
Q

what is unity

A

all life displays a common set of characteristics (principles 1-8)

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2
Q

what is diversity

A

life takes many different forms in diverse environments

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3
Q

what does evolutionary history help us to understand

A

the structure and function of an organism

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4
Q

what does evolutionary change mostly involve

A

modifications of pre-existing characteristics

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5
Q

why would some structures be modified

A

in order to serve new purposes

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6
Q

what is a homologous structure

A

two structures which are similar because they share a common origin

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7
Q

what is an example of homologous organisms

A

siblings

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8
Q

what is vertical descent with modification

A

the progression of changes in a lineage, a new species evolves from a pre-existing one

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9
Q

how does vertical descent with modification work

A

by the accumulation of mutations that are good, natural selection

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10
Q

what is horizontal gene transfer

A

a genetic exchange between DIFFERENT SPECIES

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11
Q

what is a modern example of horizontal gene transfer

A

antibiotic resistance genes can be transferred between different bacterial species

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12
Q

what is taxonomy

A

the grouping of species based to common ancestors. grouping by unity to emphasize diversity

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13
Q

in taxonomy, the smaller the group means what about the organisms within it

A

they are more closely related

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14
Q

what is bacteria

A

a unicellular prokaryote

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15
Q

what is a prokaryote

A

no organelles

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16
Q

what does a clade consist of

A

archaea and eukarya

17
Q

what are the two domains of life

A
  1. bacteria
  2. a clade
18
Q

what is archaea

A

a unicellular prokaryote

19
Q

what is eukarya

A

unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes

20
Q

what are examples of a clade

A

plant, fungi, and animal kingdoms

21
Q

where did eukaryotes likely arise from

A

an endosymbiotic relationship between archaea and bacteria

22
Q

when naming an organism scientifically, in what order do the names go

A
  1. genus
  2. species
23
Q

is the genus name capitalized

24
Q

is the species name capitalized

25
do you italicize scientific names
yes
26
in what order are the taxonomic groups (least to most specific)
1. domain 2. kingdom 3. phylum 4. class 5. order 6. family 7. genus 8. species
27
what is a genome
the complete genetic makeup of an organism
28
what is genomics
techniques used to analyze DNA sequences and compare the genomes of different species
29
what is a proteome
the complete complement of proteins of an organism
30
what is proteomics
techniques used to analyze the proteins of a species and compare the proteomes of different species
31
poodles and labs are classified as Canis lupus and both live in the same habitat. what are they considered
a population
32
if people are seeing their saliva to ancestry.com to find out their ancestry. the companies look at their DNA. what are these tests doing
comparing different genomes