atoms

Question 1

what are atoms

Answer 1

smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances. cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical or physical means. each specific type of atom is a chemical element

Question 2

what are the 3 types of subatomic particles

Answer 2

1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons

Question 3

which 2 subatomic particles contribute to mass

Answer 3

1. protons
2. neutrons

Question 4

what is the number of protons

Answer 4

the identity number of the element

Question 5

what is the number of neutrons

Answer 5

the isotopic identity

Question 6

what is the number of electrons

Answer 6

the charge of the element

Question 7

tell me about protons

Answer 7

• positive charge
• found in the nucleus

Question 8

tell me about neutrons

Answer 8

• neutral charge
• found in nucleus

Question 9

tell me about electrons

Answer 9

• negative charge
• found in orbitals

Question 10

if the number of protons and electrons are equal, that means the atom has what

Answer 10

no net charge

Question 11

the number of what subatomic particle can vary

Answer 11

neutrons

Question 12

what is the atomic number

Answer 12

• number of protons
• number of electrons if the net charge is zero

Question 13

what does the number of protons do

Answer 13

distinguish one element from another

Question 14

what shape are s orbitals

Answer 14

spherical

Question 15

what shape are p orbitals

Answer 15

propeller or dumbbell shape

Question 16

what happens to the energy as you approach the outer orbitals

Answer 16

it is increasing

Question 17

what orbitals are found in the first shell

Answer 17

1s

Question 18

what orbitals are found in the second shell

Answer 18

2s, 1p

Question 19

how many electrons are in each orbital

Answer 19

2

Question 20

how many orbitals are found in the second shell

Answer 20

• 1 2s orbital
• 3 1p orbital

Question 21

do electrons want to fill up orbitals

Answer 21

yes, electrons tend to pair up and fill orbitals

Question 22

what is it called when there’s only one electron in an orbital

Answer 22

an unpaired electron

Question 23

what’s the principle called which describes how orbitals are filled by electrons

Answer 23

the Aufbau principle

Question 24

in the Aufbau principle, what does n represent

Answer 24

the number of shells (rows on the periodic table)

Question 25

when filling orbitals, in which order do you fill them

Answer 25

lower energy -> higher energy 1s ->2s ->2p ->2p ->2p

Question 26

if all the shells are full and it is a gas, what kind of gas is is

Answer 26

inert gas

Question 27

if you have a number of electrons which will lead to an uneven number in the 2p orbitals, how do you spread out the electrons

Answer 27

space them out within the 2p orbitals

Question 28

what happens in the excited-state carbon atom

Answer 28

there are four valance orbitals each bearing one electron (2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz). Thus, the excited-state carbon atom can form 4 covalent bonds

Question 29

electrons in the outer shell available to combine with other atoms are called what

Answer 29

valence electrons

Question 30

if an element has 10 protons how many electrons are held in the second shell

Answer 30

8

Question 31

an element has 10 protons, how many unpaired valence electrons does it have

Answer 31

0

Question 32

what do elements in the same row have in common

Answer 32

the same number of shells

Question 33

what do elements in the same column have in common

Answer 33

the same number of unpaired electrons

Question 34

what 2 subatomic particles are nearly the same in mass

Answer 34

protons and neutrons

Question 35

what does the atomic mass scale indicate

Answer 35

an atom's ,ass relative to the mass of other atoms

Question 36

the most common form of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. what is the atomic mass

Answer 36

12

Question 37

what does a dalton measure

Answer 37

atomic mass

Question 38

one Dalton equals ___ the mass of a carbon atom ore the mass of a hydrogen atom

Answer 38

1/12

Question 39

because a dalton has the atomic mass of 1/12 a carbon atom, what is the atomic mass of carbon

Answer 39

12

Question 40

what does a mole measure

Answer 40

one mole of any element contains the same number of atoms

Question 41

what is avogadros number

Answer 41

6.022 x 10^23

Question 42

what is an isotope

Answer 42

multiple forma of any element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 43

if carbon is an isotope represented as 14C and has 6 protons, how many neutrons does it have

Answer 43

8

Question 44

what does it mean if an isotope is unstable

Answer 44

it is radioactive

Question 45

what do radioactivity dear rates help biologists do

Answer 45

to date fossils

Question 46

what do radioactive isotopes help biologists do

Answer 46

label and trace/follow molecules as they are used by cells

Question 47

what 4 elements make up about 95% of the atoms in living organisms

Answer 47

1. hydrogen 2. oxygen 3. carbon 4. nitrogen

Question 48

where do hydrogen and oxygen primarily occur

Answer 48

in water

Question 49

where is nitrogen most often found

Answer 49

- proteins - DNA - RNA

Question 50

what element is the building block of all living matter

Answer 50

carbon