properties of water

Question 1

what does water’s polar structure allow

Answer 1

it allows water to form hydrogen bonds with other polar or charged molecules and bring them into solution

Question 2

what is a solution

Answer 2

a solute dissolved in a particular solvent

Question 3

what is a solute

Answer 3

a substance being dissolved

Question 4

what is a solvent

Answer 4

the liquid in which solutes are dissolved

Question 5

what are aqueous solutions

Answer 5

solutions in which water is the solvent

Question 6

what types of molecules are hydrophilic

Answer 6

ionic, polar, and charged molecules

Question 7

what does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophilic

Answer 7

it will dissolve

Question 8

what types of molecules are hydrophobic

Answer 8

non-polar molecules

Question 9

what does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophobic

Answer 9

it will not dissolve

Question 10

what are amphipathic molecules

Answer 10

• have polar and non-polar ends
• characteristics of phospholipids, soaps, and detergents

Question 11

what forms when amphipathic molecules are added to water

Answer 11

• micelles
• liposomes
• bilayers

Question 12

what is the concentration of a solution

Answer 12

the amount of a solute dissolved in a certain volume of a solution (g/L)

Question 13

what is the molarity of a solution

Answer 13

the amount of moles of a solute dissolved in a liter of a solution (mol/L)

Question 14

what is molecular weight

Answer 14

the mass of a mole of that substance (g/mol)

Question 15

list some of water’s important functions in living organisms

Answer 15

• chemical reactions (hydrolysis or condensation)
• provides force and support
• removes toxic waste components from the body
• evaporative cooling
• cohesion and adhesion
• surface tension
• lubrication

Question 16

what is kinetic energy

Answer 16

the energy of motion

Question 17

what is heat

Answer 17

a measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy (calories)

Question 18

what is temperature

Answer 18

the average kinetic energy of molecules (kelvin, celsius, Fahrenheit)

Question 19

what is one calorie

Answer 19

the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree C

Question 20

what are the 3 states of water

Answer 20

1. solid (ice)
2. liquid (water)
3. gas (water vapor)

Question 21

why does ice float in liquid water

Answer 21

because water expands when it freezes, making it less dense than liquid water

Question 22

what is specific heat

Answer 22

the amount of energy required to raise by 1 degree C

Question 23

what effect does liquid water’s high specific heat have on earth

Answer 23

• large bodies of water do not drastically vary in temperature
• costal regions have milder temperatures than landlocked regions

Question 24

what is heat of vaporization

Answer 24

the energy required to turn water into water vapor

Question 25

what is heat of fusion

Answer 25

the energy released when water is frozen

Question 26

what effects do can dissolved solutes have on water

Answer 26

the presence of dissolved solutes affects the temperatures required for phase transitions of water (freezing, vaporization, boiling, etc.)

Question 27

what is the cohesion of water

Answer 27

the tendency of H2O molecules to stick together

Question 28

what is the adhesion of water

Answer 28

tendency of H2O molecules to stick to other molecules

Question 29

what does cohesion of water create

Answer 29

surface tension