properties of water Flashcards
what does water’s polar structure allow
it allows water to form hydrogen bonds with other polar or charged molecules and bring them into solution
what is a solution
a solute dissolved in a particular solvent
what is a solute
a substance being dissolved
what is a solvent
the liquid in which solutes are dissolved
what are aqueous solutions
solutions in which water is the solvent
what types of molecules are hydrophilic
ionic, polar, and charged molecules
what does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophilic
it will dissolve
what types of molecules are hydrophobic
non-polar molecules
what does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophobic
it will not dissolve
what are amphipathic molecules
- have polar and non-polar ends
- characteristics of phospholipids, soaps, and detergents
what forms when amphipathic molecules are added to water
- micelles
- liposomes
- bilayers
what is the concentration of a solution
the amount of a solute dissolved in a certain volume of a solution (g/L)
what is the molarity of a solution
the amount of moles of a solute dissolved in a liter of a solution (mol/L)
what is molecular weight
the mass of a mole of that substance (g/mol)
list some of water’s important functions in living organisms
- chemical reactions (hydrolysis or condensation)
- provides force and support
- removes toxic waste components from the body
- evaporative cooling
- cohesion and adhesion
- surface tension
- lubrication
what is kinetic energy
the energy of motion
what is heat
a measure of the total quantity of kinetic energy (calories)
what is temperature
the average kinetic energy of molecules (kelvin, celsius, Fahrenheit)
what is one calorie
the amount of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree C
what are the 3 states of water
- solid (ice)
- liquid (water)
- gas (water vapor)
why does ice float in liquid water
because water expands when it freezes, making it less dense than liquid water
what is specific heat
the amount of energy required to raise by 1 degree C
what effect does liquid water’s high specific heat have on earth
- large bodies of water do not drastically vary in temperature
- costal regions have milder temperatures than landlocked regions
what is heat of vaporization
the energy required to turn water into water vapor
what is heat of fusion
the energy released when water is frozen
what effects do can dissolved solutes have on water
the presence of dissolved solutes affects the temperatures required for phase transitions of water (freezing, vaporization, boiling, etc.)
what is the cohesion of water
the tendency of H2O molecules to stick together
what is the adhesion of water
tendency of H2O molecules to stick to other molecules
what does cohesion of water create
surface tension
