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Developmental Psych > Units 8-9 > Flashcards

Units 8-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Phonology

A

Sound system of a language and the rules for combining these sounds to produce meaningful units of speech.

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2
Q

Semantics

A

Expressed meaning of words and sentences

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3
Q

Syntax

A

Structure of a language; the rules specifying how words and grammatical markers are to be combined to produce meaningful sentences

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4
Q

Pragmatics

A

Principles that underlie the effective and appropriate use of language in social contexts

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5
Q

Language acquisition device

A

Chomsky’s term for the innate knowledge of grammar that humans are said to possess, which might enable young children to infer rules governing others’ speech and to use these rules to produce language

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6
Q

Broca’s area

A

Structure located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that controls language production.

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7
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Structure located in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for interpreting speech

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8
Q

Receptive vocabulary

A

Structure located in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for interpreting speech

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9
Q

Expanding

A

Responding to a child’s ungrammatical utterance with a grammatically improved form of that statement

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10
Q

Child-directed speech

A

Short, simple, high-pitched (and often repetitive) sentences that adults use when talking with young children

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11
Q

Scheme:

A

organized pattern of thought or action constructed to interpret experience

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12
Q

Object permanence

A

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

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13
Q

babbling

A

strings of consonant-vowel combinations

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14
Q

Gestures

A

behaviours such as pointing and showing begin about age 8-12 months

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15
Q

Metalinguistic awareness

A

knowledge about language.

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16
Q

Phonics approach

A

teaching reading by thinking about the sounds of the words (phonics).

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17
Q

Fast mapping

A

explains how children learn meanings of words very quickly

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18
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

short, staccato phrases missing most parts of speech.

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19
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A

Intelligence comes in three forms, analytical, creative, practical.

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20
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

ability to analyze, judge, evaluate

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21
Q

creative intelligence

A

ability to create, design, invent, originate, imagine

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22
Q

Practical intelligence

A

ability to use, apply, implement and put into practice

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23
Q

Gardener’s Eight Frames of Mind

A

Verbal
Mathematical
Spatial
Bodily-Kinesthetic
musical
intrapersonal
interpersonal
naturalist

24
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others

25
Developmental Quotient (DQ)
An overall developmental score that combines subscores on motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants
26
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
created by Nancy Bayley, widely used in assessing infant development. Has 5 scales: cognitive language motor socioemotional adaptive
27
intellectual disability
condition of limited mental ability which the individual has a low IQ, usually below 70
28
Mild disability
55-70 IQ
29
Moderate disability
40-54 IQ
30
Severe disability
25-39 IQ
31
Profound Disability
below 25
32
gifted
possession of above-average intelligence (IQ of 130 or higher) and or superior talent for something
33
divergent thinking
produces many answers to the same questions
34
convergent thinking
thinking that produces only one correct answer, characteristic of the kinds of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests
35
brainstorming
a technique in which children are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off one another's ideas and say practically whatever comes to mind
36
creativity
the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems
37
language
a form of communication whether spoken, written or signed that is based on a system of symbols
38
infinite generativity
the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules
39
morphology
the rule system that governs how words are formed in a language
40
syntax
the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences
41
semantics
the meaning of words and sentences
42
Rule systems for language
phonology morphology syntax semantics pragmatics
43
pragmatics
appropriate use of language in different contexts. i.e. take turns speaking, using polite language in appropriate situations
44
first words
infants understand words (like their name) very early - as early as 5 months. First word usually occurs around 10-15 months
45
two-word utterances
18-24 months eg See doggie. more milk
46
metalinguistic awareness
knowledge about language
47
Developmental stages in reading:
stage 0 - birth to first grade Stage 1 - first and second grade stage 2 - second and third grade stage 3 - fourth through eighth grade stage 4 - high school
48
phonics approach
an approach emphasizing that reading instruction should focus on teaching the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
49
whole language approach
an approach stressing that reading instructions should parallel children's natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful
50
aphasia
A disorder resulting from brain damage to broca's area or Wernicke's area that involves a loss of impairment of the ability to use or comprehend words
51
child-directed speech
language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences
52
recasting
rephrasing a statement that a child has said, perhaps turning it into a questions, or restating a child's immature utterance in the form of a fully grammatical utterance. eg. child says 'the dog was barking' the adult says "When was the dog barking"
53
expanding
restating in a linguistically sophisticated form, what a child has said. eg. "Doggie eat" parent says, "Yes the doggie is eating"
54
labeling
identifying the names of objects
55

Developmental Psych (8 decks)

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