Units 8-9 Flashcards
Phonology
Sound system of a language and the rules for combining these sounds to produce meaningful units of speech.
Semantics
Expressed meaning of words and sentences
Syntax
Structure of a language; the rules specifying how words and grammatical markers are to be combined to produce meaningful sentences
Pragmatics
Principles that underlie the effective and appropriate use of language in social contexts
Language acquisition device
Chomsky’s term for the innate knowledge of grammar that humans are said to possess, which might enable young children to infer rules governing others’ speech and to use these rules to produce language
Broca’s area
Structure located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that controls language production.
Wernicke’s area
Structure located in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for interpreting speech
Receptive vocabulary
Structure located in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for interpreting speech
Expanding
Responding to a child’s ungrammatical utterance with a grammatically improved form of that statement
Child-directed speech
Short, simple, high-pitched (and often repetitive) sentences that adults use when talking with young children
Scheme:
organized pattern of thought or action constructed to interpret experience
Object permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
babbling
strings of consonant-vowel combinations
Gestures
behaviours such as pointing and showing begin about age 8-12 months
Metalinguistic awareness
knowledge about language.
Phonics approach
teaching reading by thinking about the sounds of the words (phonics).
Fast mapping
explains how children learn meanings of words very quickly
Telegraphic speech
short, staccato phrases missing most parts of speech.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Intelligence comes in three forms, analytical, creative, practical.
Analytical intelligence
ability to analyze, judge, evaluate
creative intelligence
ability to create, design, invent, originate, imagine
Practical intelligence
ability to use, apply, implement and put into practice