Chapter Two Flashcards
Fragile-X syndrome is more common in males than in females. True or False
True
A person may transmit characteristics to offspring that he himself does not show. True or False
True
Some of a person’s inherited traits do not appear. True or False
True
This type of genetic transmission expresses the gene depending on whether it is from the mother or the father.
GENETIC IMPRINTING
This type of genetic transmission is carried on the X gene only, so boys are more likely to express the disorder because their Y chromosome is not able to counteract it. ____________
SEX-LINKED GENES or X-LINKED INHERITANCE
This type of genetic transmission occurs when multiple pairs of genes work together to form a characteristic. ____________
POLYGENIC INHERITANCE or GENE-GENE INTERACTION
This type of genetic transmission occurs because a certain gene always is expressed in favour of another one. ____________
DOMINANT-RECESSIVE GENES PRINCIPLE
This test is given during the 10th to 13th week by taking a sample from the placenta. Results are ready in 10 days, but it has a slight chance of miscarriage.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
This is given about seven weeks into the pregnancy. It involves scanning the womb with soundwaves.
ultrasound
This is given during the 16th to 20th weeks using a needle to extract fluid. It is often used by older mothers and has a slight chance of triggering a miscarriage. It may take up to two weeks for results.
Amniocentesis
The fact that people give more attention to a happy baby is an example of _____ influence.
Evocative
Shy people avoiding parties & spending time in the library is an example of _____ influence.
active
The fact that parents who are genetically predisposed to be readers have lots of books and that their children’s genotype predisposes them to respond to books is an example of _____ influence.
passive
Because siblings’ experiences diverge as they grow (i.e., their nonshared environmental experiences increase), one would expect siblings to become ______.
less similar over time
What is evolutionary psychology
Branch of psychology that emphasizes the importance of adaptation , reproduction and ‘survival of the fittest’ in shaping behaviour
What is a chromosome
threadlike structure made up of DNA.
What is DNA
A complex molecule that has a double helix shape and contains genetic information
What is a gene
unit of hereditary information, a short segment of DNA.
What is mitosis
Cellular reproduction in which the cells nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is melosis
a specialized form of cell division that forms eggs and sperm (also known as gametes)
Fertilization
a stage in reproduction during which an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote
zygote
a single cell formed through fertilization
What is the dominant-recessive genes principle
in some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects, it is dominant, overriding the potential of the the other gene, called the recessive gene. A recessive gene exerts its influence only if the two genes of a pair are both recessive.