Units 1-10 Flashcards
1
Q
aqua / aquae / f.
A
water
2
Q
cēna / cēnae / f.
A
supper / dinner
3
Q
culpa / culpae / f.
A
blame / fault
4
Q
doctrīna / doctrīnae / f.
A
teaching / doctrine
5
Q
ecclēsia / ecclēsiae / f.
A
church / assembly
6
Q
famīlia / famīliae / f.
A
household / family
7
Q
glōria / glōriae / f.
A
glory
8
Q
grātia / grātiae / f.
A
grace / favor / credit; pl. thanks
9
Q
hōra / hōrae / f.
A
hour
10
Q
missa / missae / f.
A
Mass
11
Q
nātūra / nātūrae / f.
A
nature
12
Q
pāpa / pāpae / m.
A
Pope
13
Q
terra / terrae / f.
A
earth / land / ground
14
Q
vīta / vītae / f.
A
life
15
Q
ā (ab / abs)
A
(prep. + abl.) from / away from
16
Q
ad
A
(prep. + acc.) to / toward; for (the purpose for); at
17
Q
cōram
A
(prep. + abl.) in the presence of
18
Q
cum
A
(prep. + abl.) with
19
Q
dē
A
(prep. + abl.) from / down from; about / concerning
20
Q
ē (ex)
A
(prep. + abl.) from / out of
21
Q
et
A
(1. coord. conj.; 2. intensifying adv.) 1. and / 2. even / too
22
Q
et … et
A
both … and
23
Q
in
A
(prep. 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. into / onto / against; for (the purpose of) / 2. in / on / among; by means of / with
24
Q
prō
A
(prep. + abl.) in front of; on behalf of / for; instead of / on behalf of
25
-que
(enclitic coord. conj.) and
26
sine
(prep. + abl.) without
27
super
(prep.: 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. above / upon; over / 2. about / concerning
28
water
aqua / aquae / f.
29
supper / dinner
cēna / cēnae / f.
30
blame / fault
culpa / culpae / f.
31
teaching / doctrine
doctrīna / doctrīnae / f.
32
church / assembly
ecclēsia / ecclēsiae / f.
33
household / family
famīlia / famīliae / f.
34
glory
glōria / glōriae / f.
35
grace / favor / credit; pl. thanks
grātia / grātiae / f.
36
hour
hōra / hōrae / f.
37
Mass
missa / missae / f.
38
nature
nātūra / nātūrae / f.
39
Pope
pāpa / pāpae / m.
40
earth / land / ground
terra / terrae / f.
41
life
vīta / vītae / f.
42
(prep. + abl.) from / away from
ā (ab / abs)
43
(prep. + acc.) to / toward; for (the purpose for); at
ad
44
(prep. + abl.) in the presence of
cōram
45
(prep. + abl.) with
cum
46
(prep. + abl.) from / down from; about / concerning
dē
47
(prep. + abl.) from / out of
ē (ex)
48
(1. coord. conj.; 2. intensifying adv.) 1. and / 2. even / too
et
49
both ... and
et ... et
50
(prep. 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. into / onto / against; for (the purpose of) / 2. in / on / among; by means of / with
in
51
(prep. + abl.) in front of; on behalf of / for; instead of / on behalf of
prō
52
(enclitic coord. conj.) and
-que
53
(prep. + abl.) without
sine
54
(prep.: 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. above / upon; over / 2. about / concerning
super
55
First Declension
56
sum / esse / fuī / futūrus
be / exist
57
ancilla / ancillae / f.
maid / (female) servant
58
Jūdaea / Jūdaeae / f.
Judea
59
jūstitia / jūstitiae / f.
righteousness / justice
60
Marīa / Marīae / f.
Mary
61
potentia / potentiae / f.
power
62
ager / agrī / m.
field / pl. country
63
agnus / agnī / m.
lamb
64
angelus / angelī / m.
messenger / angel
65
archangelus / archangelī / m.
archangel
66
apostolus / apostolī / m.
apostle
67
Chrīstus / Chrīstī / m.
Annointed One / Messiah / Christ
68
Deus / Deī / m. (nom. pl. diī)
God
69
discipulus / discipulī / m.
disciple / student
70
dominus / dominī / m.
lord / master
71
episcopus / episcopī / m.
overseer / bishop
72
fīlius / fīliī / m.
son
73
minister / ministrī / m.
servant / minister
74
Petrus / Petrī / m.
Peter
75
populus / populī / m.
people
76
puer / puerī / m.
boy / child / servant
77
psalmus / psalmī / m.
psalm
78
servus / servī / m.
servant / slave
79
hodiē
(adv.) today
80
nam
(coord. conj.) for
81
nōn
(adv.) not
82
trāns
(prep. + acc.) across
83
be / exist
sum / esse / fuī / futūrus
84
maid / (female) servant
ancilla / ancillae / f.
85
Judea
Jūdaea / Jūdaeae / f.
86
righteousness / justice
jūstitia / jūstitiae / f.
87
Mary
Marīa / Marīae / f.
88
power
potentia / potentiae / f.
89
field / pl. country
ager / agrī / m.
90
lamb
agnus / agnī / m.
91
messenger / angel
angelus / angelī / m.
92
archangel
archangelus / archangelī / m.
93
apostle
apostolus / apostolī / m.
94
Annointed One / Messiah / Christ
Chrīstus / Chrīstī / m.
95
God
Deus / Deī / m. (nom. pl. diī)
96
disciple / student
discipulus / discipulī / m.
97
lord / master
dominus / dominī / m.
98
overseer / bishop
episcopus / episcopī / m.
99
son
fīlius / fīliī / m.
100
servant / minister
minister / ministrī / m.
101
Peter
Petrus / Petrī / m.
102
people
populus / populī / m.
103
boy / child / servant
puer / puerī / m.
104
psalm
psalmus / psalmī / m.
105
servant / slave
servus / servī / m.
106
(adv.) today
hodiē
107
(coord. conj.) for
nam
108
(adv.) not
nōn
109
(prep. + acc.) across
trāns
110
Second Declension Masculine
111
Present Tense "To Be"
112
rēgīna / rēgīnae / f.
queen
113
chorus / chorī / m.
choir
114
hymnus / hymnī / m.
hymn
115
liber / librī / m.
book
116
vir / virī / m.
man / husband
117
caelum / caelī / n. (nom. pl caelī)
heaven / sky
118
canticum / canticī / n.
song / canticle
119
dōnum / dōna / n.
gift
120
Evangelium / Evangeliī / n.
Good News / Gospel
121
fēstum / fēstī / n.
feast / feast day
122
gaudium / gaudiī / n.
joy
123
mystērium / mystēriī / n.
mystery
124
odium / odiī / n.
hatred
125
peccātum / peccātī / n.
sin
126
praeceptum / praeceptī / n.
lesson / precept / command
127
praemium / praemiī / n.
reward
128
rēgnum / rēgnī / n.
kingdom / rule
129
sabbatum / sabbatī / n.
Sabbath
130
sacrificium / sacrificiī / n.
sacrifice
131
saeculum / saeculī / n.
age / world
132
in saecula (saeculōrum)
forever (and ever)
133
testāmentum / testāmentī / n.
covenant / testament
134
ūniversum / ūniversī / n.
universe
135
verbum / verbī / n.
word
136
vīnum / vīnī / n.
wine
137
vitium / vitiī / n.
fault / sin / vice
138
hīc
(adv.) here / in this place
139
ibi
(adv.) there / in that place / then
140
queen
rēgīna / rēgīnae / f.
141
choir
chorus / chorī / m.
142
hymn
hymnus / hymnī / m.
143
book
liber / librī / m.
144
man / husband
vir / virī / m.
145
heaven / sky
caelum / caelī / n. (nom. pl caelī)
146
song / canticle
canticum / canticī / n.
147
gift
dōnum / dōni / n.
148
Good News / Gospel
Evangelium / Evangeliī / n.
149
feast / feast day
fēstum / fēstī / n.
150
joy
gaudium / gaudiī / n.
151
mystery
mystērium / mystēriī / n.
152
hatred
odium / odiī / n.
153
sin
peccātum / peccātī / n.
154
lesson / precept / command
praeceptum / praeceptī / n.
155
reward
praemium / praemiī / n.
156
kingdom / rule
rēgnum / rēgnī / n.
157
Sabbath
sabbatum / sabbatī / n.
158
sacrifice
sacrificium / sacrificiī / n.
159
age / world
saeculum / saeculī / n.
160
forever (and ever)
in saecula (saeculōrum)
161
covenant / testament
testāmentum / testāmentī / n.
162
universe
ūniversum / ūniversī / n.
163
word
verbum / verbī / n.
164
wine
vīnum / vīnī / n.
165
fault / sin / vice
vitium / vitiī / n.
166
(adv.) here / in this place
hīc
167
(adv.) there / in that place / then
ibi
168
Second Declension Neuter
169
Imperfect Tense of sum 'to be'
170
Future Tense of sum 'to be'
174
Dative of the Possessor
The thing possessed is in the nominative case, the possessor in the dative case, and the verb used is sum 'to be.'
Liber est puerō. The boy has a book.
Argī erant Petrō. Peter owned the fields.
175
animus / animī / m.
heart / mind / spirit
176
gladius / gladiī / m.
sword
177
magister / magistrī / m.
teacher / master / rabbi
178
modus / modī / m.
manner / way
179
mundus / mundī / m.
world
180
numerus / numerī / m.
number / multitude
181
aurum / aurī / n.
gold
182
cēnāculum / cēnāculī / n.
dining room / upper room / upstairs room
183
sacrāmentum / sacrāmentī / n.
sacrament
184
aeternus / -a / -um
eternal
185
in aeternum
forever
186
antīquus / -a / -um
old / ancient; subst. pl. ancients / forefathers
187
beātus / -a / -um
blessed / happy
188
bonus / -a / -um
good
189
clārus / -a / -um
clear / bright; glorious / famous
190
magnus / -a / -um
great / large; big
191
meus / -a / -um
my / mine
192
mortuus / -a / -um
dead
193
multus / -a / -um
much / many
194
noster / nostra / nostrum
our / ours
195
novus / -a / -um
new / recent
196
pius / -a / -um
holy / loving / tender
197
impius / -a / -um
wicked / godless
198
sacer / sacra / sacrum
holy / sacred
199
tuus / -a / -um
your / yours (sing)
200
vērus / -a / -um
true
201
vīvus / -a / -um
living / alive
202
Sabaōth
(Hebrew indecl pl. noun) armies / hosts
203
ubi
(interrog. adv.) where?
204
heart / mind / spirit
animus / animī / m.
205
sword
gladius / gladiī / m.
206
teacher / master / rabbi
magister / magistrī / m.
207
manner / way
modus / modī / m.
208
world
mundus / mundī / m.
209
number / multitude
numerus / numerī / m.
210
gold
aurum / aurī / n.
211
dining room / upper room / upstairs room
cēnāculum / cēnāculī / n.
212
sacrament
sacrāmentum / sacrāmentī / n.
213
eternal
aeternus / -a / -um
214
forever
in aeternum
215
old / ancient; subst. pl. ancients / forefathers
antīquus / -a / -um
216
blessed / happy
beātus / -a / -um
217
good
bonus / -a / -um
218
clear / bright; glorious / famous
clārus / -a / -um
219
great / large; big
magnus / -a / -um
220
my / mine
meus / -a / -um
221
dead
mortuus / -a / -um
222
much / many
multus / -a / -um
223
our / ours
noster / nostra / nostrum
224
new / recent
novus / -a / -um
225
holy / loving / tender
pius / -a / -um
226
wicked / godless
impius / -a / -um
227
holy / sacred
sacer / sacra / sacrum
228
your / yours (sing)
tuus / -a / -um
229
true
vērus / -a / -um
230
living / alive
vīvus / -a / -um
231
(Hebrew indecl pl. noun) armies / hosts
Sabaōth
232
(interrog. adv.) where?
ubi
233
First/Second Declension Adjectives
235
Nominal Sentences
In a short sentence the present tense of sum 'to be' may be omitted, if there is an expressed subject. Such a sentence lacking a verb is called a nominal sentence.
**Apostlī ministrī Chrīstī.** The apostles [are] the ministers of Christ.
**Verba Dominī bona.** The words of the Lord [are] good.
236
ambulō / ambulāre / ambulāvī / ambulātus
walk / take a walk; 'live'
237
cantō / cantāre / cantāvī / cantātus
sing / chant
238
dō / dāre / dedī / datus
give
239
dōnō / dōnāre / dōnāvī / dōnātus
give / grant; forgive
240
laudō / laudāre / laudāvī / laudātus
praise
241
collaudō / collaudāre / collaudāvī / collaudātus
praise exceedingly / praise together
242
līberō / līberāre / līberāvī / līberātus
free
243
operō / operāre / operāvī / operātus
work
244
ōrō / ōrāre / ōrāvī / ōrātus
pray
245
adōrō / adōrāre / adōrāvī / adōrātus
worship / adore
246
exōrō / exōrāre / exōrāvī / exōrātus
beseech
247
rēgnō / rēgnāre / rēgnāvī / rēgnātus
rule / reign
248
sacrō / sacrāre / sacrāvī / sacrātus
make holy / consecrate
249
cōnsecrō / cōnsecrāre / cōnsecrāvī / cōnsecrātus
make holy / consecrate
250
servō / servāre / servāvī / servātus
keep / preserve
251
cōnservō / cōnservāre / cōnservāvī / cōnservātus
keep / preserve
252
observō / observāre / observāvī / observātus
watch / observe
253
vocō / vocāre / vocāvī / vocātus
call / invite
254
ēvocō / ēvocāre / ēvocāvī / ēvocātus
call forth
255
invocō / invocāre / invocāvī / invocātus
call upon / invoke
256
stēlla / stēllae / f.
star
257
via / viae / f.
way / road / street
258
famulus / famulī / m.
servant
259
documentum / documentī / n.
example
260
prīncipium / prīncipiī / n.
beginning
261
benedictus / -a / -um
blessed / blesst
262
dīvīnus / -a / -um
divine
263
jūstus / -a / -um
righteous / just
264
sānctus / -a / -um
hallowed / holy; (subst.) saint
265
enim
(postpos. coord. conj.) for; indeed
266
meritō
(adv.) rightly / deservedly
267
numquam
(adv.) never
268
nunc
(adv.) now
269
quoque
(intensifying adv.) too / also
270
semper
(adv.) always
271
walk / take a walk; 'live'
ambulō / ambulāre / ambulāvī / ambulātus
272
sing / chant
cantō / cantāre / cantāvī / cantātus
273
give
dō / dāre / dedī / datus
274
give / grant; forgive
dōnō / dōnāre / dōnāvī / dōnātus
275
praise
laudō / laudāre / laudāvī / laudātus
276
praise exceedingly / praise together
collaudō / collaudāre / collaudāvī / collaudātus
277
free
līberō / līberāre / līberāvī / līberātus
278
work
operō / operāre / operāvī / operātus
279
pray
ōrō / ōrāre / ōrāvī / ōrātus
280
worship / adore
adōrō / adōrāre / adōrāvī / adōrātus
281
beseech
exōrō / exōrāre / exōrāvī / exōrātus
282
rule / reign
rēgnō / rēgnāre / rēgnāvī / rēgnātus
283
make holy / consecrate
sacrō / sacrāre / sacrāvī / sacrātus
284
make holy / consecrate
cōnsecrō / cōnsecrāre / cōnsecrāvī / cōnsecrātus
285
keep / preserve
servō / servāre / servāvī / servātus
286
keep / preserve
cōnservō / cōnservāre / cōnservāvī / cōnservātus
287
watch / observe
observō / observāre / observāvī / observātus
288
call / invite
vocō / vocāre / vocāvī / vocātus
289
call forth
ēvocō / ēvocāre / ēvocāvī / ēvocātus
290
call upon / invoke
invocō / invocāre / invocāvī / invocātus
291
star
stēlla / stēllae / f.
292
way / road / street
via / viae / f.
293
servant
famulus / famulī / m.
294
example
documentum / documentī / n.
295
beginning
prīncipium / prīncipiī / n.
296
blessed / blesst
benedictus / -a / -um
297
divine
dīvīnus / -a / -um
298
righteous / just
jūstus / -a / -um
299
hallowed / holy; (subst.) saint
sānctus / -a / -um
300
(postpos. coord. conj.) for; indeed
enim
301
(adv.) rightly / deservedly
meritō
302
(adv.) never
numquam
303
(adv.) now
nunc
304
(intensifying adv.) too / also
quoque
305
(adv.) always
semper
306
Verb Time and Aspect
308
Principle Parts
videō = first-person singular, present indicative active 'I seek; I am seeing'
vidēre = present infinitive active 'to see'
vīdī = first-person singular, perfect indicative active 'I saw; I have seen'
vīsus = perfect passive participle 'having been seen'
309
The Four Conjugations
first conjugation: -ā- (laudāre)
second conjugation: -ē- (monēre)
third conjugation: -e- (dūcere)
fourth conjugation: -ī- (audīre)
310
Present Indicative Active: First Conjugation
first-person singular: laudā- + -ō = laudō
second-person singular: laudā- + -s = laudās
third-person singular: laudā- + -t = laudāt
first-person plural: laudā- + -mus = laudāmus
second-person plural: laudā- + -tis = laudātis
third-person plural: laudā- + -nt = laudānt
311
Accusative as Direct Object
The accusative case may be used to express the direct object of a verb
Populus *Deum* laudat.
'The people praise *God*.'
312
Dative as Indirect Object
The dative case may be used to express the indirect object of a verb of giving, telling, or showing.
Magister *puerō* praemium dat.
'The teacher is giving a reward *to the boy.*'
'The teacher is giving *the boy* a reward.'
[dō, dare, dedī, datus 'give']
313
Ablative of Separation
After verbs of freeing, separating, or depriving, an ablative of separation may occur, with or without a preposition (ab or ex)
Dominus populum *(ā) malō* līberat.
'The Lord frees His people *from evil*.'
[līberō, līberāre, līberavī, līberātus 'free']
314
reddō / reddere / reddidī / redditus
give back / render
315
trādō / trādere / trādidī / trāditus
give over / hand down / betray
316
fugō / fugāre / fugāvī / fugātus
put to flight / chase away
317
dēleō / dēlēre / dēlēvī / dēlētus
destroy / wipe out
318
habeō / habēre / habuī / habitus
have / hold; consider
319
misceō / miscēre / miscuī / mixtus
mix / mingle
320
moneō / monēre / monuī / monitus
warn / advise / teach
321
agō / agere / ēgī / āctus
do / drive / conduct
322
grātiās agere
give thanks (to) / thank (+ dat.)
323
bibō / bibere / bibī / bibitus
drink
324
crēdō / crēdere / crēdidī / crēditus
believe (in) / trust (in)
325
dūcō / dūcere / dūxī / ductus
lead
326
ēdūcō / ēdūcere / ēdūxī / ēductus
lead out
327
indūcō / indūcere / indūxī / inductus
lead into / bring into
328
perdūcō / perdūcere / perdūxī / perductus
lead through / bring to
329
sēdūcō / sēdūcere / sēdūxī / sēductus
deceive
330
jungō / jungere / jūnxī / jūnctus
join / unite
331
conjungō / conjungere / conjūnxī / conjūnctus
join / unite
332
capiō / capere / cēpī / captus
take / receive / understand
333
accipiō / accipere / accēpī / acceptus
take / get / receive
334
recipiō / recipere / recēpī / receptus
take back / regain
335
faciō / facere / fēcī / factus
do / make
336
afficiō / afficere / affēcī / affectus
affect
337
dēficiō / dēficere / dēfēcī / dēfectus
fail / waste / vanish
338
efficiō / efficere / effēcī / effectus
make / effect
339
audiō / audīre / audīvī (audiī) / audītus
hear
340
exaudiō / exaudīre / exaudīvī (exaudiī) / exaudītus
hear (favorably)
341
veniō / venīre / vēnī / ventus
come
342
adveniō / advenīre / advēnī / adventus
come / arrive
343
conveniō / convenīre / convēnī / conventus
come together / be fitting
344
inveniō / invenīre / invēnī / inventus
come upon / find
345
Hebraeus / Hebraeī / m.
Hebrew
346
nātus / nātī / m.
son / child
347
domus / domī / f.
home / house
348
exemplum / exemplī / n.
example
349
templum / templī / n.
temple / church
350
Aegyptius / -am –um
Egyptian
351
Chrīstiānus / -a / -um
Christian
352
ēlēctus / -a / um
chosen / elect
353
adhūc
(adv.) so far / till now / still
354
aut
(coord. conj.) or
355
aut … aut
either … or
356
-ne
(enclitic interrog. particle) used in sentence questions
357
quārē
(interrog. adv.) for what reason / why?
358
give back / render
reddō / reddere / reddidī / redditus
359
give over / hand down / betray
trādō / trādere / trādidī / trāditus
360
put to flight / chase away
fugō / fugāre / fugāvī / fugātus
361
destroy / wipe out
dēleō / dēlēre / dēlēvī / dēlētus
362
have / hold; consider
habeō / habēre / habuī / habitus
363
mix / mingle
misceō / miscēre / miscuī / mixtus
364
warn / advise / teach
moneō / monēre / monuī / monitus
365
do / drive / conduct
agō / agere / ēgī / āctus
366
give thanks (to) / thank (+ dat.)
grātiās agere
367
drink
bibō / bibere / bibī / bibitus
368
believe (in) / trust (in)
crēdō / crēdere / crēdidī / crēditus
369
lead
dūcō / dūcere / dūxī / ductus
370
lead out
ēdūcō / ēdūcere / ēdūxī / ēductus
371
lead into / bring into
indūcō / indūcere / indūxī / inductus
372
lead through / bring to
perdūcō / perdūcere / perdūxī / perductus
373
deceive
sēdūcō / sēdūcere / sēdūxī / sēductus
374
join / unite
jungō / jungere / jūnxī / jūnctus
375
join / unite
conjungō / conjungere / conjūnxī / conjūnctus
376
take / receive / understand
capiō / capere / cēpī / captus
377
take / get / receive
accipiō / accipere / accēpī / acceptus
378
take back / regain
recipiō / recipere / recēpī / receptus
379
do / make
faciō / facere / fēcī / factus
380
affect
afficiō / afficere / affēcī / affectus
381
fail / waste / vanish
dēficiō / dēficere / dēfēcī / dēfectus
382
make / effect
efficiō / efficere / effēcī / effectus
383
hear
audiō / audīre / audīvī (audiī) / audītus
384
hear (favorably)
exaudiō / exaudīre / exaudīvī (exaudiī) / exaudītus
385
come
veniō / venīre / vēnī / ventus
386
come / arrive
adveniō / advenīre / advēnī / adventus
387
come together / be fitting
conveniō / convenīre / convēnī / conventus
388
come upon / find
inveniō / invenīre / invēnī / inventus
389
Hebrew
Hebraeus / Hebraeī / m.
390
son / child
nātus / nātī / m.
391
home / house
domus / domī / f.
392
example
exemplum / exemplī / n.
393
temple / church
templum / templī / n.
394
Egyptian
Aegyptius / -am –um
395
Christian
Chrīstiānus / -a / -um
396
chosen / elect
ēlēctus / -a / um
397
(adv.) so far / till now / still
adhūc
398
(coord. conj.) or
aut
399
either … or
aut … aut
400
(enclitic interrog. particle) used in sentence questions
-ne
401
(interrog. adv.) for what reason / why?
quārē
402
Present Indicative Active: Second Conjugation
first-person singular: moneō ('I warn')
second-person singular: monēs ('you warn')
third-person singular: monet ('he/she/it warn')
first-person plural: monēmus ('we warn')
second-person plural: monētis ('you warn')
third-person plural: monent ('they warn')
403
Present Indicative Active:
Third Conjugation -ō type
first-person singular: dūcō ('I lead')
second-person singular: dūcis ('you lead')
third-person singular: dūcit ('he/she/it leads')
first-person plural: dūcimus ('we lead')
second-person plural: dūcitis ('you lead')
third-person plural: dūcunt ('they lead')
404
Present Indicative Active:
Third Conjugation -iō type
first-person singular: capiō ('I take')
second-person singular: capis ('you take')
third-person singular: capit ('he/she/it takes')
first-person plural: capimus ('we take')
second-person plural: capitis ('you take')
third-person plural: capiunt ('they take')
405
Present Indicative Active: Fourth Conjugation
first-person singular: audiō ('I hear')
second-person singular: audīs ('you hear')
third-person singular: audit ('he/she/it hears')
first-person plural: audīmus ('we hear')
second-person plural: audītis ('you hear')
third-person plural: audiunt ('they hear')
406
Direct Questions
A direct statement may be converted into a direct question by attaching the enclitic particle -ne to the first word. But more often context alone determines when a statement is to be construed as a question.
Vocatne Petrus discipulum?
'Is Peter calling the disciple?'
Angelī in caelīs Deum collaudant?
'Do the angels in heaven together praise God?'
Far more frequently a question is introducted by an interrogative word, such as the adverbs ubi 'where?' and quārē 'for what reason? why?'
Quārē Dominum nōn laudant?
'Why do they not praise the Lord?'
407
Ablative of Means
The ablative case of an inanimate noun may be used to express the means by which the action of a sentence is accomplished. Occassionally, the Latin of the Vulgate uses the preposition **in** with this construction.
## Footnote
Dominum *psalmīs* laudāmus.
'We praise the Lord *with (by means of) psalms*.'
Jūstī *in gladiō* rēgnant?
'Do righteous men rule *by (by means of) the sword*?'
408
Ablative of Manner
The albative case of an abstract noun may be used to express the manner or style in which the action of a sentence is carried out. The preoposition **cum** is always used if the noun is not modified by an adjective; the preposition may be omitted if the noun is modified.
Dominum *cum gaudiō* laudāmus.
'We praise the Lord *with joy (joyfully)*.'
Dominum *magnō (cum)* *gaudiō* laudāmus.
'*With great joy* we praise the Lord.'
[Note the adjective often begins the phrase: **magnō cum gaudiō**]
409
celebrō / celebrāre / celebrāvī / celebrātus
celebrate
410
concelebrō / concelebrāre / concelebrāvī / concelebrātus
celebrate together
411
firmō / firmāre / firmāvī / firmātus
strengthen / make stready
412
affirmō / affirmāre / affirmāvī / affirmātus
prove / assert
413
confirmō / confirmāre / confirmāvī / confirmātus
strengthen / uphold
414
sānō / sānāre / sānāvī / sānātus
heal
415
dīcō / dīcere / dīxī / dictus
say / tell (pass. also) be called
416
benedīcō / benedīcere / benedīxī / benedictus
speak well (of) / bless
417
maledīcō / maledīcere / maledīxī / maledictus
speak evil (of) / curse
418
anima / animae / f.
soul / life
419
laetitia / laetitiae / f.
gladness / joy
420
lītūrgia / lītūrgiae / f.
(divine) service / liturgy
421
misericordia / misericordiae / f.
mercy / kindness / pity
422
turba / turbae / f.
crowd / multitude
423
victōria / victōriae / f.
victory
424
diāconus / diāconī / m.
deacon
425
respōnsum / respōnsī / n.
answer / response
426
vōtum / vōtī / n.
vow / prayer
427
cārus / -a / -um
(+ dat.) dear / beloved
428
dīgnus / -a / -um
(+ abl.) worthy (of)
429
indīgnus / -a / -um
(+ abl.) unworthy (of)
430
firmus / -a / -um
steadfast / firm
431
īnfirmus / -a / -um
weak / sick
432
maestus / -a / -um
sad
433
Nazarēnus / -a / -um
of Nazareth / Nazarene / Nazorean
434
plēnus / -a / -um
(+ abl.) full (of)
435
prīmus / -a / -um
first
436
in prīmīs
at first / in the first place
437
ūniversus / -a / -um
all / the whole
438
ūnus / -a / -um
one / a / and
439
ūnā
(adv.) together
440
ā (ab / abs)
(prep. + abl.) by (the agency of)
441
bene
(adv.) well
442
Jēsūs / Jēsū / Jēsū / Jēsūm / Jēsū / m.
Jesus / Joshua
443
male
(adv.) badly / poorly
444
male habēre
be sick
445
propter
(prep. + acc.) on account of / because of
446
celebrate
celebrō / celebrārem celebrāvī / celebrātus
447
celebrate together
concelebrō / concelebrārem concelebrāvī / concelebrātus
448
strengthen / make stready
firmō / firmāre / firmāvī / firmātus
449
prove / assert
affirmō / affirmāre / affirmāvī / affirmātus
450
strengthen / uphold
confirmō / confirmāre / confirmāvī / confirmātus
451
heal
sānō / sānāre / sānāvī / sānātus
452
say / tell (pass. also) be called
dīcō / dīcere / dīxī / dictus
453
speak well (of) / bless
benedīcō / benedīcere / benedīxī / benedictus
454
speak evil (of) / curse
maledīcō / maledīcere / maledīxī / maledictus
455
soul / life
anima / animae / f.
456
gladness / joy
laetitia / laetitiae / f.
457
(divine) service / liturgy
lītūrgia / lītūrgiae / f.
458
mercy / kindness / pity
misericordia / misericordiae / f.
459
crowd / multitude
turba / turbae / f.
460
victory
victōria / victōriae / f.
461
deacon
diāconus / diāconī / m.
462
answer / response
respōnsum / respōnsī / n.
463
vow / prayer
vōtum / vōtī / n.
464
(+ dat.) dear / beloved
cārus / -a / -um
465
(+ abl.) worthy (of)
dīgnus / -a / -um
466
(+ abl.) unworthy (of)
indīgnus / -a / -um
467
steadfast / firm
firmus / -a / -um
468
weak / sick
īnfirmus / -a / -um
469
sad
maestus / -a / -um
470
of Nazareth / Nazarene / Nazorean
Nazarēnus / -a / -um
471
(+ abl.) full (of)
plēnus / -a / -um
472
first
prīmus / -a / -um
473
at first / in the first place
in prīmīs
474
all / the whole
ūniversus / -a / -um
475
one / a / and
ūnus / -a / -um
476
(adv.) together
ūnā
477
(prep. + abl.) by (the agency of)
ā (ab / abs)
478
(adv.) well
bene
479
Jesus / Joshua
Jēsūs / Jēsū / Jēsū / Jēsūm / Jēsū / m.
480
(adv.) badly / poorly
male
481
be sick
male habēre
482
(prep. + acc.) on account of / because of
propter
483
-pleō / -plēre / -plēvī / -plētus
fill / complete
484
adimpleō / adimplēre / adimplēvī / adimplētus
fulfill
485
compleō / complēre / complēvī / complētus
fulfill / accomplish
486
impleō / implēre / implēvī / implētus
fill / accomplish
487
repleō / replēre / replēvī / replētus
fill / complete
488
regō / regere / rēxī / rēctus
rule / guide / govern
489
corrigō / corrigere / corrēxī / corrēctus
correct
490
dīrigō / dīrigere / dīrēxī / dīrēctus
direct
491
ērigō / ērigere / ērēxī / ērēctus
raise up / erect
492
incēnsum / incēnsī / n.
incense
493
meritum / meritī / n.
merit
494
silentium / silentiī / n.
silence
495
angelicus / -a / -um
angelic
496
contrītus / -a / -um
contrite
497
cūnctus / -a / -um
all
498
glōriōsus / -a / -um
glorious
499
grātus / -a / -um
(+ dat.) pleasing / agreeable
500
mīrus / -a / -um
wonderful
501
mundus / -a / -um
pure / clean
502
immundus / -a / -um
impure / unclean
503
sāncrōsānctus / -a / -um
most holy / venerable
504
salūtifer / -a / -um
salutary / saving
505
supernus / -a / -um
heavenly / celestial
506
terrēnus / -a / -um
earthly
507
etiam
(intesifying adv.) also / even
508
iterum
(adv.) again
509
jam
(adv.) already; now; soon
510
per
(prep. + acc.) through
511
post
(prep. + acc.) after / behind
512
quandō
(interrog. adv.) when?
513
quia
(subord. conj.) that; because
514
quod
(subord. conj.) that / because
515
quoniam
(subord. conj.) that / because
516
sed
(coord. conj.) but / yet
517
tunc
(adv.) then / at that time
518
fill / complete
-pleō / -plēre / -plēvī / -plētus
519
fulfill
adimpleō / adimplēre / adimplēvī / adimplētus
520
fulfill / accomplish
compleō / complēre / complēvī / complētus
521
fill / accomplish
impleō / implēre / implēvī / implētus
522
fill / complete
repleō / replēre / replēvī / replētus
523
rule / guide / govern
regō / regere / rēxī / rēctus
524
correct
corrigō / corrigere / corrēxī / corrēctus
525
direct
dīrigō / dīrigere / dīrēxī / dīrēctus
526
raise up / erect
ērigō / ērigere / ērēxī / ērēctus
527
incense
incēnsum / incēnsī / n.
528
merit
meritum / meritī / n.
529
silence
silentium / silentiī / n.
530
angelic
angelicus / -a / -um
531
contrite
contrītus / -a / -um
532
all
cūnctus / -a / -um
533
glorious
glōriōsus / -a / -um
534
(+ dat.) pleasing / agreeable
grātus / -a / -um
535
wonderful
mīrus / -a / -um
536
pure / clean
mundus / -a / -um
537
impure / unclean
immundus / -a / -um
538
most holy / venerable
sāncrōsānctus / -a / -um
539
salutary / saving
salūtifer / -a / -um
540
heavenly / celestial
supernus / -a / -um
541
earthly
terrēnus / -a / -um
542
(intesifying adv.) also / even
etiam
543
(adv.) again
iterum
544
(adv.) already; now; soon
jam
545
(prep. + acc.) through
per
546
(prep. + acc.) after / behind
post
547
(interrog. adv.) when?
quandō
548
(subord. conj.) that; because
quia
549
(subord. conj.) that / because
quod
550
(subord. conj.) that / because
quoniam
551
(coord. conj.) but / yet
sed
552
(adv.) then / at that time
tunc
553
adjuvō / adjuvāre / adjūvī / adjūstus
help
554
fōrmō / fōrmāre / fōrmāvī / fōrmātus
train / guide; fashion / form
555
intrō / intrāre / intrāvī / intrātus
enter
556
satiō / satiāre / satiāvī / satiātus
nourish / satisfy
557
sēparō / sēparāre / sēparāvī / sēparātus
separate
558
perhibeō / perhibēre / perhibuī / perhibitus
hold out / produce / afford
559
videō / vidēre / vīdī / vīsus
see; realize
560
sciō / scīre / scīvī / scītus
know
561
causa / causae / f.
purpose / reason
562
causā
(improper prep. + gen.) for the sake of
563
cēreus / cēreī / m.
candle
564
socius / sociī / n.
companion / ally
565
mandātum / mandātī / n.
order / commandment
566
testimōnium / testimōniī / n.
witness / testamony
567
vestīgium / vestīgiī / n.
footstep
568
tēctum / tēctī / n.
roof / house
569
apostolicus / -a / -um
apostolic
570
altus / -a / -um
high / deep
571
catholicus / -a / -um
universal / catholic
572
vester / vestra / vestrum
your / yours (pl.)
573
autem
(postpos. coord. conj.) but / and
574
certē
(adv.) surely / certainly; at least
575
dīligenter
(adv.) diligently
576
inter
(prep. + acc.) between / among
577
saepe
(adv.) often
578
statim
(adv.) immediately / at once
579
sub
(prep. 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. (to a place) under / 2. (in or at a place) under
580
vērē
(adv.) truly
581
help
adjuvō / adjuvāre / adjūvī / adjūstus
582
train / guide; fashion / form
fōrmō / fōrmāre / fōrmāvī / fōrmātus
583
enter
intrō / intrāre / intrāvī / intrātus
584
nourish / satisfy
satiō / satiāre / satiāvī / satiātus
585
separate
sēparō / sēparāre / sēparāvī / sēparātus
586
hold out / produce / afford
perhibeō / perhibēre / perhibuī / perhibitus
587
see; realize
videō / vidēre / vīdī / vīsus
588
know
sciō / scīre / scīvī / scītus
589
purpose / reason
causa / causae / f.
590
(improper prep. + gen.) for the sake of
causā
591
candle
cēreus / cēreī / m.
592
companion / ally
socius / sociī / n.
593
order / commandment
mandātum / mandātī / n.
594
witness / testamony
testimōnium / testimōniī / n.
595
footstep
vestīgium / vestīgiī / n.
596
roof / house
tēctum / tēctī / n.
597
apostolic
apostolicus / -a / -um
598
high / deep
altus / -a / -um
599
universal / catholic
catholicus / -a / -um
600
your / yours (pl.)
vester / vestra / vestrum
601
(postpos. coord. conj.) but / and
autem
602
(adv.) surely / certainly; at least
certē
603
(adv.) diligently
dīligenter
604
(prep. + acc.) between / among
inter
605
(adv.) often
saepe
606
(adv.) immediately / at once
statim
607
(prep. 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. (to a place) under / 2. (in or at a place) under
sub
608
(adv.) truly
vērē
609
solvō / solvere / solvī / solūtus
set free; break up; pay back
610
absolvō / absolvere / absolvī / absolūtus
set free (from); absolve; finish
611
tollō / tollere / sustulī / sublātus
take away / lift up / take up
612
extollō / extollere / extulī / –
lift up / extol
613
fīniō / fīnīre / fīnīvī (fīniī) / fīnītus
end / finish
614
Galilaea / Galilaeae / f.
Galilee
615
annus / annī / m.
year
616
clērus / clērī / m.
clergy
617
dēbitum / dēbitī / n.
debt
618
dēsīderium / dēsdīderīi / n.
want / need / desire
619
dētrīmentum / dētrīmentī / n.
loss
620
imperium / imperiī / n.
dominion / empire; precept / command
621
ministerium / ministeriī / n.
ministry / service
622
spatium / spatiī / n.
space
623
vinculum / vinculī / n.
bond / chain
624
excelsus / -a / -um
high / lofty / exalted
625
perpetuus / -a / -um
everlasting / perpetual
626
secundus / -a / -um
next / second
627
ūnigenitus / -a / -um
only begotten / only
628
allēlūjā
(Hebrew / interjection) alleluia (cry of joy and praise)
629
ante
(prep. + acc.) before
630
ecce
(interjection) look! / here!
631
eléīson
(Greek / imperative) have mercy!
632
hōsānnā
(Hebrew / interjection) hosanna (cry of praise)
633
Kȳrie
(Greek / vocative) O Lord!
634
perenniter
(adv.) constantly / perennially
635
posteā
(adv.) afterwards / later on
636
quī / quae / quod
(1. interrog. adj.; 2. rel. pron.) 1. which? / what? / 2. who / which / that
637
secundum
(prep. + acc.) according to
638
subitō
(adv.) suddenly
639
set free; break up; pay back
solvō / solvere / solvī / solūtus
640
set free (from); absolve; finish
absolvō / absolvere / absolvī / absolūtus
641
take away / lift up / take up
tollō / tollere / sustulī / sublātus
642
lift up / extol
extollō / extollere / extulī / –
643
end / finish
fīniō / fīnīre / fīnīvī (fīniī) / fīnītus
644
Galilee
Galilaea / Galilaeae / f.
645
year
annus / annī / m.
646
clergy
clērus / clērī / m.
647
debt
dēbitum / dēbitī / n.
648
want / need / desire
dēsīderium / dēsdīderīi / n.
649
loss
dētrīmentum / dētrīmentī / n.
650
dominion / empire; precept / command
imperium / imperiī / n.
651
ministry / service
ministerium / ministeriī / n.
652
space
spatium / spatiī / n.
653
bond / chain
vinculum / vinculī / n.
654
high / lofty / exalted
excelsus / -a / -um
655
everlasting / perpetual
perpetuus / -a / -um
656
next / second
secundus / -a / -um
657
only begotten / only
ūnigenitus / -a / -um
658
(Hebrew / interjection) alleluia (cry of joy and praise)
allēlūjā
659
(prep. + acc.) before
ante
660
(interjection) look! / here!
ecce
661
(Greek / imperative) have mercy!
eléīson
662
(Hebrew / interjection) hosanna (cry of praise)
hōsānnā
663
(Greek / vocative) O Lord!
Kȳrie
664
(adv.) constantly / perennially
perenniter
665
(adv.) afterwards / later on
posteā
666
(1. interrog. adj.; 2. rel. pron.) 1. which? / what? / 2. who / which / that
quī / quae / quod
667
(prep. + acc.) according to
secundum
668
(adv.) suddenly
subitō
