United States Flashcards
Early U.S. wine pinings
1500 French Heugonots east coast and Franciscans planting the Mission grape in Texas, New Mexico, and CA
Who is the pioneer in the U.S. known for bringing european vines to the U.S.
Agoston Haraszthy. He founded Buena Vista winery in 1857
What role did the gold rush play in winemaking
Brought French and Italian immigrants to the U.S.
Two main setback to progress of viticulture
Prohibition 1920-1933 and Phylloxer in the 1880-1890
Other famous pioneers in U.S. wine making
Robert Mondavi and Andre Tchellifchef
When was the Judgement of Paris
1976
What is TTB
Tax anad Trade Bureau that regulates federalalcohol sales. It defines boundaries and and appellations or AVA’s (American Viticultural Areas).
Named wine growing regions can use AVA if meet the following minimum requirements.
85% apples to varietal, vintage year (if state, county, or country), and stated AVA location.
For a grape to be labeled loosely county, State, or Country must contain
75% applies to varietal and listed County, State, or Country. Vintage does not apply.
In order for both an AVA SINGLE VINEYARD and vintage to be put on label minimum for varietal and AVA
95% is required
oregon requires what minimum for their varieties
90%
CA growing climte
West coast cool pacific breeze, Mountains and rolling hills can trap fog and move it inland. Temps get warmer moving from coast inland
Red and White grapes of CA
White – Chardonnay – Sauvignon Blanc • Red – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot – Zinfandel – Pinot Noir
Broad CA areas for wine making
North Coast
• Central Coast
• Central Valley
• Sierra Foothills
Where is Napa Valley
Between San Pablo Bay and Mt. St. Helens. Vaca mountains to east and Macayama mountains to west. These mountains are only 2,000 ft. in elevation. The Napa river runs through the heart of the region
Climate of Napa Valley
Maritime with cool fog. Especially southern Napa near the bay.
Soil of Napa
Diverse
Grapes of Napa-same as above
Grape Varieties • White – Chardonnay – Sauvignon Blanc • Red – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot – Zinfandel – Pinot Noir
Which grapes are grown where
Pinot Noir cooler AVA’s while cab. suav. and zinfandel arew grown in warmer AVA’s.
Which AVA produces sparkling wines
Carneros in Southern Napa
What wine styles are employed in Napa
French and American Oak, MLF,
What important AVA’s are in Napa
- Stags Leap District AVA
- Oakville AVA
- Rutherford AVA
- Howell Mountain AVA
Where is Sonoma
Western Edge of North coast from Pacific Ocan to Macyama mountain edge of Napa
Sonoma climate
Fog and cool air from coast create huge diurnal temp shifts making this region cooler than Napa. The Petaluma gap funnels coastal air through the mountains. Region is hilly throughout.
Main broad regions AVA’s in Sonoma
Dry Creek, Alexander Valley, Sonoma Coast, Sonoma Valley, Russian River, Carneros
Grapes of Sonoma
• White --Chardonnay – Sauvignon Blanc • Red – Pinot Noir – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot – Zinfandel – Syrah
Sonoma wine style
Intense red wines aged in new oak barrells. Styles depend on the temps.
Mendocino county boasts what important AVA
Anderson Valley known for it’s Sparkling Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grown on cool, coastal land.
Where is Mendocino County
North of Sonoma on the coast and next to Lake County
Most important growing region in the Central Coast growing region
Monterey
Where is Monterey
South of San Fran and San Jose
Climate of Monterey
Cool coastal maritime fog getting warmer as you move inland.
What is unique about Monterey winds
They run east to west instead of North to South due to mountain gap that funnels wind this way. Vineyard selection is important to protect from any harsher winds
Grapes of Mendocino
Typical White – Chardonnay • Red – Pinot Noir – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot – Zinfandel
Californias other important Central Coast AVA
Paso Robles locatad between Monterey and Santa Barbara in San Luis Bispo County
Diverse grape varietals of Paso Robles. Hint is Rhone varietals.
White – Chardonnay • Red – Cabernet Sauvignon – Rhône Varieties – Grenache – Syrah – Zinfandel
Important AVA’s in Santa Barbara (North of LA). What is climate and grapes
Santa Maria Valley AVA • Santa Ynez Valley AVA • Sta. Rita Hills AVA Maritime but warm and dry as opposed to cool because it is located more inland Grape Varieties • White – Chardonnay – Sauvignon Blanc • Red – Pinot Noir – Rhône varieties – Grenache – Syrah – Bordeaux varieties – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot
Willamette Valley is located where
Oregon. South of Portland
Where is Portland Oregon
In the Pacific Northweast.
Coastal mountain range in Willamette Valley that runs east to west
Cascade Mountains. Willamette Valley lies between the Coast and this mountain range
Climate of Willamette
Cool and Maritime. Cascade mountains act as a rainshadow from cooler harsher coastal temps
Soils of Willamette
Volcanic, Alluvial, Clay
Grapes of Willamette
White – Pinot Gris – Chardonnay – Riesling • Red – Pinot Noir (70% of plantings)
Where are the grapes planted
Mountain slopes and hills near valley floor
Regional Wine Law (labeling laws)
90% for a varietal with the exception of cab.sauv. which is 75%
For a place name region in Oregon what is required
95% instead of the usual 85% grapes must come from the named place.
Where is the Washington AVA
Pacific Northwest EAST of the cascade Mountains
Climate of Washington
The Cascade Mountains create a rain shadow protecting Washington AVA’s. This protection creates a continental, high-desert climate with hot
summers, very cold winters and little precipitation. There are huge diurnal temp swings. Creates good sugar acid balance
Grapes of Washington
Grape • White – Chardonnay – Riesling • Red – Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot – Syrah
Irrigation sources for Columbia Valley AVA
The Columbia, Yakima and Snake Rivers are the
primary sources of water.
Important Washington AVAs
• Columbia Valley AVA
– Yakima Valley AVA
– Walla Walla Valley AVA
Important AVA’s in New York
Finger Lakes AVA
• Hudson Valley AVA
• Long Island AVA
• Lake Erie AVA
Grapes of New York
White – Riesling – Gewürztraminer – Chardonnay • Red – Pinot Noir – Merlot – Cabernet Franc • Hybrid – Concord – Vidal
Climate of New York
Continental with moderating effects of Atlantic Ocean, rivers and lakes. Deep freezes in winter can be a concern in winter
