Unit3_Brainstem Flashcards
Upper midbrain
SLICE 1: Upper midbrain—main features: oculomotor nuclei, CN 3, MLF, crus cerebri, red nuclei, substantia nigra, Medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, aqueduct, superior colliculus
Lower midbrain
SLICE 2: Lower midbrain—main features: trochlear nucleus (hard to see), MLF, inferior colliculus, decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, lateral lemniscus
Upper pons
SLICE 3: Upper pons—main features- superior cerebellar peduncle, fourth ventricle, MLF, pontocerebellar fibers and top of middle cerebellar peduncle, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, corticospinal fibers (disaggregated
Mid Pons
SLICE 4: Mid pons—main features- root entry zone of CN V, principal sensory and motor nuclei of V. MLF, middle cerebellar peduncle, spinothalamic tract, medial lemniscus, pontine grey matter, corticospinal fibers (disaggregated)
Lower Pons
SLICE 5: Lower pons—main features- abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, superior end of vestibular complex (don’t need to resolve individual vestibular nuclei). Trapezoid body, superior olivary nucleus, corticospinal fibers, pontocerebellar fibers, middle cerebellar peduncle
Upper Medulla
SLICE 6: Upper medulla—main features- Inferior cerebellar peduncle, vestibular nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus, spinothalamic tract, medial lemniscus, superior pole of inferior olivary nucleus, pyramid, vestibulocochlear nerves
Upper-mid Medulla
SLICE 7: Upper-mid medulla—main features- hypoglossal nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, nucleus tractus solitaries, spinal trigeminal nucleus, inferior cerebellar peduncle, vestibular nuclei, spinothalamic tract, nucleus ambiguus, inferior olivary nucleus, pyramid, medial lemniscus
Lower-mid Medulla
SLICE 8: Lower-mid medulla—main features- nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, pyramids, internal arcuate fibers forming decussation of medial lemniscus.
Lower Medulla
SLICE 9: Lower medulla—main features- fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, pyramidal decussation,
Upper Midbrain
Lower Midbrain
Upper Pons
Mid Pons
Lower Pons
Upper medulla
Upper-mid medulla
Lower-mid medulla
Lower medulla
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Upper Midbrain
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Lower Midbrain
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Upper Pons
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Mid Pons
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Lower Pons
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Upper medulla
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
upper mid medulla
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Lower Mid Medulla
This slice is what region of the Brainstem?
Lower Medulla
What is the motor componetn of CN 3
CN3 = Oculomotor = Extraocular muscles (all except for superior oblique & Lateral Rectus.
What is the motor component of CN 4?
CN4 = Trochlear = Superior Oblique m.
What is the motor component of CN 5?
CN 5 = Trigeminal = Muscle of mastication
CN5 also has sensory
What is the motor component of CN 6?
CN 6 = Abducens = Lateral Rectus m.
What is the motor component of CN 7?
CN 7 = Facial = muscles of facial expression
CN 7 also has sensory
What is the motor component of CN 9?
CN 9 = Glossopharyngeal = Stylopharyngeus (assists in swallowing and phonation)
CN9 also has sensory
What is the motor component of CN 10?
CN 10 = Vagus = muscle of larynx, pharynx, soft palate
CN9 also has sensory
What is the motor component of CN 11?
CN 11 = Spinal Accessory = Trapezius & SCM
What is the motor component of CN 12?
CN 12 = Hypoglossal = Tongue muscles
Which Cranial nerves only have sensory?
CN1, CN2, CN8
Which Cranial nerves only have MOTOR?
CN 3, CN 4, CN 6, CN 11, CN 12
Which Cranial nerves only have BOTH sensory and motor nuclei?
CN 5, CN 7, CN 9, CN 10
What are the two pyramidal tracts?
- corticobulbar tract
- corticospinal tract
What regions does the corticobulbar tract connect?
The motor cortex in the cerebral cortex to the Medullary pyramids.
What is the main function of the corticobulbar tract?
primarily involved in carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves
The are two tracts that make up the pyramindal tracts;
Corticobulbar Tract
&
Corticospinal Tract
The tracts are responsible for what motor innervation?
(Think somatotrophy)
The main motor nucleus of the trigeminal is to the face what the ________ neurons in ventral horn are for the body (voluntary control of skeletal muscle).
alpha motor neurons
The main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal is to the face what the __________ or __________ is for the body (fine touch, vibration, pressure).
Nucleus Gracilus or Nuclear Cuteanous
The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal is to the face what the __________ is for the body (proprioception)
DRG
The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal is for the face what the ______________ is for the body (pain and temp).
Nucleus Proprius
What is the Afferent of Jaw Jerk Reflex?
Mesencephalic Nucleus of the trigeminal
What is the Efferent of Jaw Jerk Reflex?
Main motor nucleus of the trigeminal
What is the Afferent if the corneal reflex?
Spinal Nucleus of V
What is the Efferent Corneal reflex?
Motor Nucleus of VII
What is afferent PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX?
Optic Nerve
What is the Efferent PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX?
Parasympathetic division of III (Edinger Westphal Nucleus to Ciliary Ganglion)
What is the Gag reflex afferent?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
The Gag Reflex efferent?
Vagal division of Nucleus Ambiguous
List the Cranial Nerve Nuclei with Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic component.
REMEMBER parasympathetics are “3,7, 9 and 10”.
- Edinger Westfall nucleus (associated with CN III and the pupillary light reflex).
- Superior Salivatory Nucleus (associated with CN VII- facial nerve and salivation.
- Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (associated with CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve and salivation).
- Dorsal Vagal Nucleus (associated with CN X, Vagus to visceral organs).
