NS_Unit 1 Drugs Flashcards
What are the Muscarinic Receptor Agonists?
Acetylcholine
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine
What are the Nicotinic Receptor Agonists?
Acetylcholine
Nicotine
What is Atropine?
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist, that is a tertiary amine.
What are the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors?
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Edrophonium
Organophosphates
What is Pralidoxime?
Cholinesterase reactivator (antidote for organophosphate poisoning)
a type of Parasympathetic Nervous System Drug.
Name a α1, α2, β1, β2 (nonselective) Adrenergic Agonist?
Epinephrine
What is Epinephrine?
A α1, α2, β1, β2 (nonselective) Adrenergic Agonist. direct receptor.
What is Norepinephrine (Levophed)?
a α1, α2, β1 adrenergic agonist
Name an α1 (selective) adrenergic agonist drug?
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Name an α2 (selective) adrenergic agonist drug?
Clonidine (Catapres)
Name a β1/β2 (non-selective) adrenergic agonist drug?
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Name a β1 (selective) adrenergic agonist drug?
Albuterol
Name a D1-D2 direct agonist plus indirect agonists (releasers), adrenergic agonist drug?
Dopamine
What is the MOA of Pseudoephedrine?
Indirect agonists (releasers), adrenergic agonist
Name a drug that is a β1 (selective) Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist.
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Name a drug that is a α and β1/β2 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist.
Labetalol (Normodyne)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
What are the NMJ neurotoxins we learn about?
Botulinum toxin (Botox)
Black widow spider venom
What is the MOA of Botulinum toxin (Botox)?
inhibits acetylcholine release (synaptobrevin-synaxin-SNAP 25)
What is the MOA of Black widow spider venom?
increases acetylcholine release (neurexin 1- latrophilin)
What is the MOA of the drug Atacurium?
NMJ competitive blocker. Isoquinoline derivatives.
a type of Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists
What is the MOA of the drug Rocuronium?
a Steroid derivative, NMJ competitive blocker, Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists
What is the MOA of the drug Succinylcholine ?
NMJ depolarizing blocker, Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists
______ and ______ drugs can be used to treat asthma via ____ and ____ receptors
Cholinergic antagonists (M3) Adrenergic agonists (B2)
Bethanechol and Pilocarpine are (direct/indirect)
DIRECT
cholinergic agonists
Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine are (direct/indirect) ______________
INDIRECT
cholinergic agonists (via acetylcholine esterase inhibition)
Edrophonium and donepezil are (direct/Indirect) _____________
INDIRECT
cholinergic agonists (via acetylcholine esterase inhibition)
Organophosphate nerve gases are (direct/Indirect) _____________
INDIRECT
cholinergic agonists (via acetylcholine esterase inhibition)
Pilocarpine can be used to treat _______ and ______
glaucoma and xerostomia
long acting topical agent
Urinary retention can be treated with _____ and ______
bethanechol and neostigmine
antidote - used to block excessive muscarinic receptor stimulation
Atropine
- salivary gland hypofunction from radiotherapy for cancer or in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
- can also occur with antimuscarinic side effects
Xerostomia
Pralidoxime
mechanism of action and use
regenerates AChE –> ANTI cholinergic, increases ACh break down
Prevents over-activation of NM receptors (this over-activation can cause flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure)
Atropine and Scopolamine are (direct/indirect), (selective, nonselective) ____________
can be used to treat ______ and _______
direct, nonselective ANTImuscarinic drugs
severe bradycardia and overdose of muscarinic agonist (e.g. organophosphate nerve gas)
Atracurium, Rocuronium, and Succinylcholine are ________________ that act on the _____ receptor
neuromuscular blockers (N-M receptor) antinicotinic drugs
Ipratropium and tiotropium are _________ and are used to treat _____ and _______
anticholinergic/antimuscarinic drugs
asthma and COPD
Oxybutynin and Tolterodine are __________ and are used to treat ______
anticholinergic/antimuscarinic drugs
overactive bladder (OAB)
Pseudoephedrine
mechanism?
indirect acting activator of adrenergic system via release of NE at a1 receptor –> vasoconstriction (in nose, etc.)
