unit2:musculoskeletal system

Question 1

what is the skeletal system

Answer 1

it provides attachment for the muscular system for movement and offers protection for vital organs.
bones are formed by ossification

Question 2

what is ossification

Answer 2

process in bone remodelling when new bone material is laid down by osteoblasts

Question 3

what does the axial skeleton do

Answer 3

provides protection, shape/stability, red blood cell production

Question 4

what does the appendicular skeleton do

Answer 4

allows for movement and muscle attachment

Question 5

what are articulate bones

Answer 5

all the bones that connect at a joint

Question 6

what is cartilage

Answer 6

connective tissue that plays a key role in the structure and function of our joints

Question 7

what are the 2 types of cartilage

Answer 7

hyaline cartilage (found at the end of the bone) and elastic cartilage (flexible in structures like the ears)

Question 8

bones at hip

Answer 8

femur and pelvis

Question 9

bones at shoulder

Answer 9

scapula and humerus

Question 10

bones at elbow

Answer 10

humerus, radius and ulna

Question 11

bones at knee

Answer 11

femur and tibia

Question 12

bones at ankle

Answer 12

tibia, fibula and talus

Question 13

bones at wrist

Answer 13

carpal and radius

Question 14

what are the types of bone

Answer 14

long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid

Question 15

what is a long bone

Answer 15

primary function is movement and support, examples are humerus tibia and fibula

Question 16

what is a short bone

Answer 16

primary function is providing stability and allow for controlled movement, they also produce bone marrow. examples are carpal and tarsal

Question 17

what is irregular bone

Answer 17

primary function is to protect the nervous system and support for muscle attachment, examples are vertebrae

Question 18

what is flat bone

Answer 18

protects vital organs and provides a large surface area for muscle attachment, where most red blood cell production happens. examples are ribs, sternum, pelvis, cranium and scapula

Question 19

what is sesamoid bone

Answer 19

protects tendons from stress and wear and improves mechanical advantage of muscle. examples are patella

Question 20

what is the muscular system

Answer 20

skeletal muscles attach to bones and the main function is contracting to create movement.

Question 21

what are the muscles in quadriceps

Answer 21

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

Question 22

what are the muscles in the hamstring

Answer 22

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Question 23

what is meant by antagonistic muscle action

Answer 23

refers to 2 muscles working together to produce a movement. As the agonist muscle contracts(shortens) the antagonist relaxes (lengthens)

Question 24

does the agonist always shorten

Answer 24

no it can also lengthen if a muscle is controlling an eccentric movement it is still the agonist.

Question 25

biceps

Answer 25

triceps

Question 26

back

Answer 26

chest

Question 27

abdominals

Answer 27

erector spinae

Question 28

shoulders

Answer 28

lattisimus dorsi

Question 29

quads

Answer 29

hamstring

Question 30

tibialis anterior

Answer 30

gastrocnemius

Question 31

what is a fixator

Answer 31

it stabilises the joint to allow for a smooth movement