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PE > Energy systems > Flashcards

Energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to perform work.

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2
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

energy from food

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Movement energy

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4
Q

what is potential energy?

A

stored energy

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5
Q

what is work

A

force x distance(joules)

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6
Q

what is power

A

work performed over a unit of time

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7
Q

what are the 3 energy systems

A

ATP-PC system
Lactic acid system(anaerobic glycolysis)
Alactic system(aerobic glycolyisis)

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8
Q

What is the only immediately usable energy source in the body?

A

ATP

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9
Q

How does our body get the energy to move?

A

Breakdown of ATP=Energy= Movement

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10
Q

What is ATP made up of

A

1 adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules.

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11
Q

How much ATP is stored roughly in each muscly cell and how long does this last?

A

40-50g for 2-4 seconds

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12
Q

what intensity percentage is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?

A

90-100

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13
Q

What is the energy yield of the ATP-PC system?

A

1 mol of PCr to 1 mol ATP

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14
Q

What enzyme is present in the ATP-PC system?

A

Creatine Kinase

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15
Q

how long does it take for PC stores to rise back to 98 percent

A

3 minutes rest

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16
Q

When is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?

A

Maximal intensity(90-100) for 8-12 seconds

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17
Q

What are the 4 food fuels/substrates

A

PC
Glucose
Amino acids
Lipids

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18
Q

Disadvantages of ATP-PC system

A

! mol PC for each mol ATP-inefficient.

Limited source of PC so can only last 8-12 seconds.

19
Q

Advantages of ATP-PC system

A

Rapidly replenishes ATP (high turnover rate of ATP).

PC easily restored (98 percent in 3 minutes rests roughly).

Readily accessible-highly available for explosive movements.

Does not rely on oxygen so no lactic acid is produced (no hydrogen ions causing fatigue therefor producing no fatiguing by products).

20
Q

What substrate is used in the lactic acid system?

A

Glucose

21
Q

At how long does the anaerobic glycolysis system peak?

A

1 minute

22
Q

How much ATP is replenished for each glucose molecule in the lactic acid system?

A

2 ATP

23
Q

What fatiguing byproduct is produced in anaerobic glycolysis?

A

hydrogen ions

24
Q

What by product can be used to build up pyruvate?

A

lactate

25
Q

What do hydrogen ions cause in the body?

A

Increased blood acidity which denatures enzymes so less ATP can be replenished

26
Q

How long does the anaerobic glycolyisis system predominantly get used for and at what intensity?

A

80-90 percent for 12seconds-3minutes

27
Q

advantages of anaerobic glycolysis

A

yield has doubled from ATP-PC system(2ATP replenished).

More efficient than PC system(still not most efficient though)

Helps sustain high intensity for upto 3 minutes.

28
Q

disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis

A

although it peaks at 1 minute it cant be maintained as it produces lactic acid(hydrogen ions) which then fatigue us.

to resupply glucose you must eat more carbohydrates.

Hydrogen ions denature enzymes so reactions take longer (less ATP replenished)

low lactate threshold means more hydrogen ions- more fatigue- affects performance.

29
Q

how many ATP are replenished from aerobic systems

A

Glycolysis-38
Lipolysis- 147

30
Q

What substrate is used in the aerobic system?

A

Glucose unless that is depleted then lipids and lipolysis takes place.

31
Q

the aerobic system can only replenish ATP if what is present?

A

oxygen

32
Q

what are the 3 ways aerobic system replenishes ATP

A

krebs cycle

ETC- electron transport chain

beta oxidisation

33
Q

what do fats have to undergo to break down

A

beta oxidation (which you need 15 percent more oxygen than if aerobic glycolysis was taking place)

34
Q

advantages of aerobic system

A

most efficient system

no fatiguing byproducts

unlike the anaerobic systems, aerobic ones utilise 3 substrates(glucose, lipids and amino acids).

35
Q

disadvantages of aerobic system

A

replenishes ATP the slowest out of all systems because you need so much oxygen

you need 15 percent more oxygen to break down fats than glucose

36
Q

what word describes how the energy systems work together ( begins with I)

A

interchanging

37
Q

How does intensity affect the energy continuum?

A

More intense exercise will predominantly use anaerobic systems.

38
Q

What are the intensity values for each energy system

A

ATP-PC system- 90-100
anaerobic glycolysis- 80-90
aerobic glycolysis-60-80
aerobic lipolysis- 30-60

39
Q

How does duration affect the energy system used?

A

a longer duration will predominantly use aerobic systems when over 5 minutes.

40
Q

What are the duration values for each energy system?

A

ATP-PC system- 8-12 seconds
anaerobic glycolysis- 12sec-3minutes
aerobic glycolysis- >5min
aerobic lipolysis->5 for hours/days

41
Q

If a person has a large aerobic capacity how will that effect them?

A

They will reach their anaerobic threshold later so anaerobic stores will be depleted less so they are more available. also no fatiguing byproducts will be produced so they can perform at a higher level for longer.

42
Q

How does having good anaerobic fitness help a person performing a short distance event?

A

They will be able to predominantly use the anaerobic systems for longer and also allow them to tolerate greater amounts of hydrogen ions. they will also have higher amounts of PC stored readily available.

43
Q

What are the anaerobic stores?

A

PC and muscle glycogen

44
Q
A

PE (3 decks)

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