UNIT 2 (musculoskeletal system) Flashcards
what is the skeletal system
it provides attachment for the muscular system for movement and offers protection for vital organs.
bones are formed by ossification
what is ossification
process in bone remodelling when new bone material is laid down by osteoblasts
what does the axial skeleton do
provides protection, shape/stability, red blood cell production
what does the appendicular skeleton do
allows for movement and muscle attachment
what are articulate bones
all the bones that connect at a joint
what is cartilage
connective tissue that plays a key role in the structure and function of our joints
what are the 2 types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage (found at the end of the bone) and elastic cartilage (flexible in structures like the ears)
bones at hip
femur and pelvis
bones at shoulder
scapula and humerus
bones at elbow
humerus, radius and ulna
bones at knee
femur and tibia
bones at ankle
tibia, fibula and talus
bones at wrist
carpal and radius
what are the types of bone
long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid
what is a long bone
primary function is movement and support, examples are humerus tibia and fibula
what is a short bone
primary function is providing stability and allow for controlled movement, they also produce bone marrow. examples are carpal and tarsal
what is irregular bone
primary function is to protect the nervous system and support for muscle attachment, examples are vertebrae
what is flat bone
protects vital organs and provides a large surface area for muscle attachment, where most red blood cell production happens. examples are ribs, sternum, pelvis, cranium and scapula
what is sesamoid bone
protects tendons from stress and wear and improves mechanical advantage of muscle. examples are patella
what is the muscular system
skeletal muscles attach to bones and the main function is contracting to create movement.
what are the muscles in quadriceps
rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
what are the muscles in the hamstring
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
what is meant by antagonistic muscle action
refers to 2 muscles working together to produce a movement. As the agonist muscle contracts(shortens) the antagonist relaxes (lengthens)
does the agonist always shorten
no it can also lengthen if a muscle is controlling an eccentric movement it is still the agonist.
biceps
triceps
back
chest
abdominals
erector spinae
shoulders
lattisimus dorsi
quads
hamstring
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
what is a fixator
it stabilises the joint to allow for a smooth movement
