UNIT 2 (musculoskeletal system) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the skeletal system

A

it provides attachment for the muscular system for movement and offers protection for vital organs.
bones are formed by ossification

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2
Q

what is ossification

A

process in bone remodelling when new bone material is laid down by osteoblasts

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3
Q

what does the axial skeleton do

A

provides protection, shape/stability, red blood cell production

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4
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton do

A

allows for movement and muscle attachment

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5
Q

what are articulate bones

A

all the bones that connect at a joint

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6
Q

what is cartilage

A

connective tissue that plays a key role in the structure and function of our joints

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage (found at the end of the bone) and elastic cartilage (flexible in structures like the ears)

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8
Q

bones at hip

A

femur and pelvis

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9
Q

bones at shoulder

A

scapula and humerus

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10
Q

bones at elbow

A

humerus, radius and ulna

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11
Q

bones at knee

A

femur and tibia

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12
Q

bones at ankle

A

tibia, fibula and talus

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13
Q

bones at wrist

A

carpal and radius

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14
Q

what are the types of bone

A

long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid

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15
Q

what is a long bone

A

primary function is movement and support, examples are humerus tibia and fibula

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16
Q

what is a short bone

A

primary function is providing stability and allow for controlled movement, they also produce bone marrow. examples are carpal and tarsal

17
Q

what is irregular bone

A

primary function is to protect the nervous system and support for muscle attachment, examples are vertebrae

18
Q

what is flat bone

A

protects vital organs and provides a large surface area for muscle attachment, where most red blood cell production happens. examples are ribs, sternum, pelvis, cranium and scapula

19
Q

what is sesamoid bone

A

protects tendons from stress and wear and improves mechanical advantage of muscle. examples are patella

20
Q

what is the muscular system

A

skeletal muscles attach to bones and the main function is contracting to create movement.

21
Q

what are the muscles in quadriceps

A

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

22
Q

what are the muscles in the hamstring

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

23
Q

what is meant by antagonistic muscle action

A

refers to 2 muscles working together to produce a movement. As the agonist muscle contracts(shortens) the antagonist relaxes (lengthens)

24
Q

does the agonist always shorten

A

no it can also lengthen if a muscle is controlling an eccentric movement it is still the agonist.

25
biceps
triceps
26
back
chest
27
abdominals
erector spinae
28
shoulders
lattisimus dorsi
29
quads
hamstring
30
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
31
what is a fixator
it stabilises the joint to allow for a smooth movement
32