UNIT 1 (energy systems) Flashcards
What is energy?
The ability to perform work.
What is chemical energy?
energy from food
What is kinetic energy?
Movement energy
what is potential energy?
stored energy
what is work
force x distance(joules)
what is power
work performed over a unit of time
what are the 3 energy systems
ATP-PC system
Lactic acid system(anaerobic glycolysis)
Alactic system(aerobic glycolyisis)
What is the only immediately usable energy source in the body?
ATP
How does our body get the energy to move?
Breakdown of ATP=Energy= Movement
What is ATP made up of
1 adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules.
How much ATP is stored roughly in each muscly cell and how long does this last?
40-50g for 2-4 seconds
what intensity percentage is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?
90-100
What is the energy yield of the ATP-PC system?
1 mol of PCr to 1 mol ATP
What enzyme is present in the ATP-PC system?
Creatine Kinase
how long does it take for PC stores to rise back to 98 percent
3 minutes rest
When is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?
Maximal intensity(90-100) for 8-12 seconds
What are the 4 food fuels/substrates
PC
Glucose
Amino acids
Lipids
Disadvantages of ATP-PC system
! mol PC for each mol ATP-inefficient.
Limited source of PC so can only last 8-12 seconds.
Advantages of ATP-PC system
Rapidly replenishes ATP (high turnover rate of ATP).
PC easily restored (98 percent in 3 minutes rests roughly).
Readily accessible-highly available for explosive movements.
Does not rely on oxygen so no lactic acid is produced (no hydrogen ions causing fatigue therefor producing no fatiguing by products).
What substrate is used in the lactic acid system?
Glucose
At how long does the anaerobic glycolysis system peak?
1 minute
How much ATP is replenished for each glucose molecule in the lactic acid system?
2 ATP
What fatiguing byproduct is produced in anaerobic glycolysis?
hydrogen ions
What by product can be used to build up pyruvate?
lactate
What do hydrogen ions cause in the body?
Increased blood acidity which denatures enzymes so less ATP can be replenished
How long does the anaerobic glycolyisis system predominantly get used for and at what intensity?
80-90 percent for 12seconds-3minutes
advantages of anaerobic glycolysis
yield has doubled from ATP-PC system(2ATP replenished).
More efficient than PC system(still not most efficient though)
Helps sustain high intensity for upto 3 minutes.
disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis
although it peaks at 1 minute it cant be maintained as it produces lactic acid(hydrogen ions) which then fatigue us.
to resupply glucose you must eat more carbohydrates.
Hydrogen ions denature enzymes so reactions take longer (less ATP replenished)
low lactate threshold means more hydrogen ions- more fatigue- affects performance.
how many ATP are replenished from aerobic systems
Glycolysis-38
Lipolysis- 147
What substrate is used in the aerobic system?
Glucose unless that is depleted then lipids and lipolysis takes place.
the aerobic system can only replenish ATP if what is present?
oxygen
what are the 3 ways aerobic system replenishes ATP
krebs cycle
ETC- electron transport chain
beta oxidisation
what do fats have to undergo to break down
beta oxidation (which you need 15 percent more oxygen than if aerobic glycolysis was taking place)
advantages of aerobic system
most efficient system
no fatiguing byproducts
unlike the anaerobic systems, aerobic ones utilise 3 substrates(glucose, lipids and amino acids).
disadvantages of aerobic system
replenishes ATP the slowest out of all systems because you need so much oxygen
you need 15 percent more oxygen to break down fats than glucose
what word describes how the energy systems work together ( begins with I)
interchanging
How does intensity affect the energy continuum?
More intense exercise will predominantly use anaerobic systems.
What are the intensity values for each energy system
ATP-PC system- 90-100
anaerobic glycolysis- 80-90
aerobic glycolysis-60-80
aerobic lipolysis- 30-60
How does duration affect the energy system used?
a longer duration will predominantly use aerobic systems when over 5 minutes.
What are the duration values for each energy system?
ATP-PC system- 8-12 seconds
anaerobic glycolysis- 12sec-3minutes
aerobic glycolysis- >5min
aerobic lipolysis->5 for hours/days
If a person has a large aerobic capacity how will that effect them?
They will reach their anaerobic threshold later so anaerobic stores will be depleted less so they are more available. also no fatiguing byproducts will be produced so they can perform at a higher level for longer.
How does having good anaerobic fitness help a person performing a short distance event?
They will be able to predominantly use the anaerobic systems for longer and also allow them to tolerate greater amounts of hydrogen ions. they will also have higher amounts of PC stored readily available.
What are the anaerobic stores?
PC and muscle glycogen
