UNIT 1 (energy systems)

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to perform work.

Question 2

What is chemical energy?

Answer 2

energy from food

Question 3

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 3

Movement energy

Question 4

what is potential energy?

Answer 4

stored energy

Question 5

what is work

Answer 5

force x distance(joules)

Question 6

what is power

Answer 6

work performed over a unit of time

Question 7

what are the 3 energy systems

Answer 7

ATP-PC system
Lactic acid system(anaerobic glycolysis)
Alactic system(aerobic glycolyisis)

Question 8

What is the only immediately usable energy source in the body?

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

How does our body get the energy to move?

Answer 9

Breakdown of ATP=Energy= Movement

Question 10

What is ATP made up of

Answer 10

1 adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules.

Question 11

How much ATP is stored roughly in each muscly cell and how long does this last?

Answer 11

40-50g for 2-4 seconds

Question 12

what intensity percentage is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?

Answer 12

90-100

Question 13

What is the energy yield of the ATP-PC system?

Answer 13

1 mol of PCr to 1 mol ATP

Question 14

What enzyme is present in the ATP-PC system?

Answer 14

Creatine Kinase

Question 15

how long does it take for PC stores to rise back to 98 percent

Answer 15

3 minutes rest

Question 16

When is the ATP-PC system used predominantly?

Answer 16

Maximal intensity(90-100) for 8-12 seconds

Question 17

What are the 4 food fuels/substrates

Answer 17

PC
Glucose
Amino acids
Lipids

Question 18

Disadvantages of ATP-PC system

Answer 18

! mol PC for each mol ATP-inefficient.

Limited source of PC so can only last 8-12 seconds.

Question 19

Advantages of ATP-PC system

Answer 19

Rapidly replenishes ATP (high turnover rate of ATP).

PC easily restored (98 percent in 3 minutes rests roughly).

Readily accessible-highly available for explosive movements.

Does not rely on oxygen so no lactic acid is produced (no hydrogen ions causing fatigue therefor producing no fatiguing by products).

Question 20

What substrate is used in the lactic acid system?

Answer 20

Glucose

Question 21

At how long does the anaerobic glycolysis system peak?

Answer 21

1 minute

Question 22

How much ATP is replenished for each glucose molecule in the lactic acid system?

Answer 22

2 ATP

Question 23

What fatiguing byproduct is produced in anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 23

hydrogen ions

Question 24

What by product can be used to build up pyruvate?

Answer 24

lactate

Question 25

What do hydrogen ions cause in the body?

Answer 25

Increased blood acidity which denatures enzymes so less ATP can be replenished

Question 26

How long does the anaerobic glycolyisis system predominantly get used for and at what intensity?

Answer 26

80-90 percent for 12seconds-3minutes

Question 27

advantages of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 27

yield has doubled from ATP-PC system(2ATP replenished). More efficient than PC system(still not most efficient though) Helps sustain high intensity for upto 3 minutes.

Question 28

disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 28

although it peaks at 1 minute it cant be maintained as it produces lactic acid(hydrogen ions) which then fatigue us. to resupply glucose you must eat more carbohydrates. Hydrogen ions denature enzymes so reactions take longer (less ATP replenished) low lactate threshold means more hydrogen ions- more fatigue- affects performance.

Question 29

how many ATP are replenished from aerobic systems

Answer 29

Glycolysis-38 Lipolysis- 147

Question 30

What substrate is used in the aerobic system?

Answer 30

Glucose unless that is depleted then lipids and lipolysis takes place.

Question 31

the aerobic system can only replenish ATP if what is present?

Answer 31

oxygen

Question 32

what are the 3 ways aerobic system replenishes ATP

Answer 32

krebs cycle ETC- electron transport chain beta oxidisation

Question 33

what do fats have to undergo to break down

Answer 33

beta oxidation (which you need 15 percent more oxygen than if aerobic glycolysis was taking place)

Question 34

advantages of aerobic system

Answer 34

most efficient system no fatiguing byproducts unlike the anaerobic systems, aerobic ones utilise 3 substrates(glucose, lipids and amino acids).

Question 35

disadvantages of aerobic system

Answer 35

replenishes ATP the slowest out of all systems because you need so much oxygen you need 15 percent more oxygen to break down fats than glucose

Question 36

what word describes how the energy systems work together ( begins with I)

Answer 36

interchanging

Question 37

How does intensity affect the energy continuum?

Answer 37

More intense exercise will predominantly use anaerobic systems.

Question 38

What are the intensity values for each energy system

Answer 38

ATP-PC system- 90-100 anaerobic glycolysis- 80-90 aerobic glycolysis-60-80 aerobic lipolysis- 30-60

Question 39

How does duration affect the energy system used?

Answer 39

a longer duration will predominantly use aerobic systems when over 5 minutes.

Question 40

What are the duration values for each energy system?

Answer 40

ATP-PC system- 8-12 seconds anaerobic glycolysis- 12sec-3minutes aerobic glycolysis- >5min aerobic lipolysis->5 for hours/days

Question 41

If a person has a large aerobic capacity how will that effect them?

Answer 41

They will reach their anaerobic threshold later so anaerobic stores will be depleted less so they are more available. also no fatiguing byproducts will be produced so they can perform at a higher level for longer.

Question 42

How does having good anaerobic fitness help a person performing a short distance event?

Answer 42

They will be able to predominantly use the anaerobic systems for longer and also allow them to tolerate greater amounts of hydrogen ions. they will also have higher amounts of PC stored readily available.

Question 43

What are the anaerobic stores?

Answer 43

PC and muscle glycogen