Unit2-KA3 Flashcards
Give the meaning of the terms-
Cyclical fertility
Continuous fertility
Cyclical-
Females usually restricted to approximately 5 days a month immediately before and after ovulation
Continuous-
Males produce sperms throughout their lives
Describe how the fertile fertile period of a female can be calculated
Number of days after menstruation
A slight raise in body temperature on the day of ovulation
The thinning of cervical mucus
Name the method of fertility treatment that would be appropriate for a women with blocked oviducts
Surgery to open tubes
IVF
Describe the treatment that nat be used when female infertility is due to failure to ovulate
Ovulatary drugs
IVF with fertility drugs
Give one risk associated with the use of ovulating drugs
Super ovulation that can result in multiple births
Give two physical methods of contraception
Barrier methods-
avoiding fertile periods
IUD
Sterilisation procedures
Explain the mechanism of action of the combined contraception pill
Contains synthetic oestrogen and progesterone which inhibit secretion of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland
Explain how the mini pill works
Contains synthetic progesterone which can inhibit ovulation, causes the thickening of cervical mucus-preventing entry of sperm and fertilisation
Explain how the morning after pill works
Contains a high dose of synthetic progesterone and oestrogen-decreases chances of ovulation/implantation and thickens cervical mucus-preventing entry of sperm
Describe the process of artificial insemination in the treatment of infertility
Semen is collected and inserted into the female reproductive tract
AI is useful-
low sperm count as several samples can be inserted at once
Describe the steps involved in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
ICSI involves a sperm being drawn into a needle and injected directly into the ovum
Explain why ICSI is sometimes used in conjunction with IVF
If sperm are-
Defective
Low in number
Explain why preimplantation genetic diagnosis is used in conjunction with IVF
To identify single gene disorders/chromosome abnormalities
Describe the process of IVF
Eggs are surgically removed from ovaries after hormone stimulation
Eggs are mixed with sperm in culture dish
Fertilised eggs are incubated until they have formed at least 8 cells
Transferred to uterus for implantation
Female infertility
Drugs can be taken to stimulate ovulation-
Mimic the action of FSH or LH-
result in follicular development and ovulation
Prevent negative feedback of oestrogen on FSH secretion-
FSH continues to be released and eggs produced
