Unit 2-KA8

Question 1

Describe two effects on the circulatory system that can result from chronic elevated blood glucose levels

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis 
CVD
Stroke
PVD
Blood vessel damage
Hypertension

Question 2

Name the organ that contains the receptor cells that detect changes in the blood glucose concentration

Answer 2

Pancreas

Question 3

Name three hormones involved in the control of blood glucose

Answer 3

Adrenaline
Insulin
Glucagon

Question 4

Describe the role of the hormone insulin

Answer 4

Insulin activated conversion of glucose>glycogen in the liver, decrease blood glucose concentration

Question 5

Describe the role of the hormone glucagon

Answer 5

Glucagon activates the conversion of glycogen>glucose in the liver, increases the blood glucose concentration

Question 6

Name the organ in which excess glucose is stored and the storage carbohydrate involved

Answer 6

Liver

Glycogen

Question 7

Explain the role of the hormone adrenaline in the control of blood glucose concentration

Answer 7

During exercise and fight or flight responses glucose concentration is raised by adrenaline from the adrenal glands which stimulate glucagon secretion and inhibit insulin secretion

Question 8

Describe the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

type 1
unable to produce insulin

type 2
able to produce insulin but less sensitive to it

Question 9

Name the test carried out to diagnose diabetes

Answer 9

Glucose tolerance test

Question 10

Give the meaning of the term obesity

Answer 10

Obesity is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue/muscle

Question 11

State the measurements taken to calculate the BMI of an individual

Answer 11

Body mass
Height

BMI=body mass / (height)2

Question 12

Give the minimum value of BMI that is generally used to indicate obesity of an individual

Answer 12

30

Question 13

Give one disadvantage of the standard BMI measurement

Answer 13

Someone may be classified as overweight/obese when addition weight is not fat but muscle/bone mass

Question 14

Response to blood glucose increase

Answer 14

Pancreatic receptors respond to raised blood glucose levels by increasing secretion of insulin from the pancreas.
Insulin activates the conversion of glucose>glycogen in the liver which decreases blood glucose concentration

Question 15

Response to blood glucose decrease

Answer 15

Pancreatic receptors respond to lowered blood glucose glucose by increasing secretion of glucagon from pancreas.
Glucagon activates the conversion of glycogen>glucose in liver which increases blood glucose concentration