Unit 1-KA3 Flashcards
Give one way in which the expression of a singe gene can result in production of different proteins
alternative RNA splicing
Give three structural differences between DNA and RNA molecules
DNA-
deoxyribose sugar
double stranded
adenine and thymine guanine and cytosine
RNA-
ribose sugar
single stranded
adenine and uracil guanine and cytosine
Introns and second
introns-non-coding regions-removed
exons-coding regions-retained
Name the bonds that hold the amino acids together in a sequence
peptide bonds
Describe how the chains of amino acids are held together into three-dimensional shapes
hydrogen bonds and other interactions
Explain the importance of the three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule
shape determines its function
Process of Transcription
RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to form a primary transcript
Introns are removed and exons are spliced together in the same order to form mature transcript
Process of translation
mature transcript goes to ribosome
tRNA carries specific amino acids
anticodons bond to codons by complementary base pairing
this translates the genetic code > sequence of amino acids
peptide bonds form between amino acids
each tRNA molecule leaves the ribosome as polypeptide is formed
mRNA
carries a copy of the DNA code nucleus>ribosome
triplet of bases-codon codes for a specific amino acid
tRNA
carries its specific amino acid >ribosome
folds due to complementary base pairing
triplet of bases-anticodon on one end
attachment site on other end
rRNA
rRNA and proteins form the ribosome
Gene expression
process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a. functional product such as protein
Fibrous and Globular Proteins
fibrous-
collagen
keratin
elastin
globular-
enzymes
antibodies
hormones
Post Translational Modification
cleavage - polypeptide chains are cut and combined
phosphate groups are added to polypeptide chain
carbohydrate groups are added to polypeptide chain
