Unit 1-KA1 Flashcards
Describe what is meant by the term ‘differentation’ as applied to cells
process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristics for that type of cell. this allows a cell to carry out specialised functions
Name the two types of cell division which can be carried out by germline stem cells
mitosis
-more germline stem cells
-nucleus to maintain diploid chromosome number
meiosis
-haploid gametes
-nucleus-separates homologous chromosomes and chromatids
Name the type of cell division carries out by somatic stem cells
mitosis-more somatic cells
Give two characteristics of human cancer cells
do not respond to regulatory signals
divides excessively
Describe how secondary cancer tumours are formed
Cancer cells fail to attach to each other and spread through the body by the bloodstrema and form a secondary tumour-metastasis
Describe one ethical issue related to the use of embryonic stem cells
involves destruction of an embryo, ends possibility of embryo developing into a baby
Somatic cells
any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction
Germline cells
gametes-sperm and ova and stem cells that divide to form gametes
diploid
cell with two matching sets of chromosomes
haploid
cell with a single set of chromosomes
stem cells
unspecialised cells that can divide in order to self renew
potential to become different types of cell
involved in growth and repair
embryonic stem cell
found in the early embryo which have developed from a fertilised egg
pluripotent-can differentiate into all the cell types that make up the individual
all genes can be switched on
tissue stem cell
found in the body after development
growth repair and renewal of cells found in that tissue
multipotent-differentiate into all of the types of cell found in a particular tissue type
therapeutic uses of stem cells
bone marrow transplant
corneal transplant
skin grafts
research uses of stem cells
drug testing disease development provide information on- cell growth cell differentiation gene regulation
