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Chemistry⚗️ > Unit1Topic9 - Tests For Ions > Flashcards

Unit1Topic9 - Tests For Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of a salt

A

A salt is a compound that consists of at least two ions, a positive ion (the cation) and a negative ion (the anion) e.g. NaCl and CuSO4

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2
Q

Describe the process of a flame test

A

(1) adjust regulating collar, light the Bunsen and ensure a hot Bunsen flame
(2) dip the nichrome wire into concentrated hydrochloric acid to clean it
(3) dip nichrome wire into a solution and hold it in a roaring Bunsen flame
(4) observe the colour of the flame and identify which cation is present
(5) repeat to identify the unknown solution

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3
Q

Colour of flame: sodium Na+

A

Yellow

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4
Q

Colour of flame: potassium K+

A

Lilac

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5
Q

Colour of flame: calcium Ca+

A

Brick red

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6
Q

Colour of flame: barium Ba2+

A

Apple green

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7
Q

Colour of flame: copper Cu2+

A

Green/blue

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8
Q

What are flame tests used for?

A

To indicate the presence of various metal ions as the flame will turn a characteristic colour

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9
Q

Definition of a precipitate

A

A precipitate is an insoluble substance which sometimes forms when two aqueous solutions are mixed

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10
Q

Sodium hydroxide solution will form ………, coloured ……… ……… precipitates when added to different salt solutions.

A

Gelatinous

Metal hydroxide

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11
Q

Salt: magnesium chloride Mg2+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

White

No

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12
Q

Salt: aluminium chloride Al3+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

White

Yes

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13
Q

Salt: zinc (ii) chloride Zn2+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

White

Yes

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14
Q

Salt: copper (ii) chloride Cu2+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

Blue

No

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15
Q

Salt: iron (ii) chloride Fe2+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

Green

No

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16
Q

Salt: iron (iii) chloride Fe3+
Colour of precipitate: ……
Redissolve is excess NaOH: …

A

Red-brown

No

17
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when magnesium chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Mg2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) -> Mg(OH)2 (s)

18
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when aluminium chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Al3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) -> Al(OH)3 (s)

19
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when zinc (ii) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Zn2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) -> Zn(OH)2 (s)

20
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when copper (ii) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) -> Cu(OH)2 (s)

21
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when iron (ii) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Fe2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) -> Fe(OH)2 (s)

22
Q

Ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate formed when iron (iii) chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

A

Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) -> Fe(OH)3 (s)

23
Q

We can use ……… ……… ……… to detect the presence of the halide ions.

A

Silver nitrate solution

24
Q

Solution: sodium chloride
Halide ion present: …
Colour of precipitate: …
Ionic equation of silver halide formation: …

A

Cl-
White
Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) -> AgCl (s)

25
Q

Solution: potassium bromide
Halide ion present: …
Colour of precipitate: …
Ionic equation of silver halide formation: …

A

Br-
Cream
Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq) -> AgBr (s)

26
Q

Solution: sodium iodide
Halide ion present: …
Colour of precipitate: …
Ionic equation of silver halide formation: …

A

I-
Yellow
Ag+ (aq) + I- (aq)->AgI (s)

27
Q

Describe the test for halide ions

A

When silver nitrate solution reacts with salt solutions containing a halide ion, a characteristic coloured precipitate of the silver halide is produced

28
Q

Describe the test for sulfate ions

A

If sulfate ions are present a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form when the sample is reacted with barium chloride solution. This is bc barium sulfate is insoluble in water.

29
Q

Give the ionic equation when testing for sulfate ions

A

Ba2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) -> BaSO4 (s)

30
Q

Equation for testing for carbonate ions

A

acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

The presence of carbon dioxide gas is tested by…

A

Bubbling it through limewater. If carbon dioxide is present the limewater will turn cloudy.

32
Q

Observations when testing for carbonate ions

A

Bubbles of gas
Solid disappears
Limewater turns cloudy

Chemistry⚗️ (12 decks)

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