Unit1Topic3 - Bonding Flashcards
Why are Noble Gases inert?
They have full outer shells, making them stable.
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost/gained electrons in order to obtain a full outer shell.
What are molecular ions?
Molecular ions are composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded.
Molecular ions egs
ammonium NH4(+) carbonate CO3(2-) hypochlorite OCl(-) hydrogen carbonate HCO3(-) hydroxide OH(-) nitrate NO3(-) sulphite SO3(2-) sulfate SO4(2-)
Explain ionic bonding.
Occurs between metals and non metals, electrons are transferred from metal to non metal.
What is an ionic bond?
The electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge.
Explain covalent bonding.
Between non metal atoms, electrons shared in pairs.
What is a covalent bond?
Bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons.
What do you understand about the term diatomic molecule?
Di means two, therefore, a diatomic molecule is made up of two atoms chemically combined.
Water is a compound (H{2}O). Give its structural formula.
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H - O :
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H
Ammonia is a compound (NH{3}). Give its structural formula.
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H - N - H
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H
Methane is a compound (CH{4}). Give its structural formula.
H
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H - C - H
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HWhat is metallic bonding?
Regular lattice of positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.
Metallic bonding is the attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons.
Explain, in terms of atoms involved, how the electron arrangements change when beryllium oxide is formed from beryllium and oxygen
In order to become stable beryllium needs to lose 2 electrons and oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons. The 2 electrons are transferred from beryllium to oxygen
Using electronic structures, explain how atoms of calcium and chlorine become bonded in the formation of the compound calcium chloride
Calcium has an electronic structure of 2,8,8,2 and needs to lose 2 electrons to become stable. Chlorine has an electronic structure of 2,8,7 and needs to gain 1 electron in order to become stable. Calcium loses 2 electrons and they’re transferred to 2 separate chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom gains one electron. Now calcium has become Ca(2+) and has an electronic structure of 2,8,8. Now each chlorine has become Cl(-) with an electronic structure of 2,8,8. An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
