Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Unit Zero > Flashcards

Unit Zero Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Qualitative property

A

Information that describes color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic (relates to the five senses) (smooth, yellow, round)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass
Particles of matter are always in motion
Kinetic energy (speed) of particles increases as temperature increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Solid

A

Motion of particles: tightly packed, not much movement, low KE
Shape: definite
Volume: definite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Liquid

A

Motion of particles: moderately packed, medium movement/KE, can flow past each other
Shape: indefinite
Volume: definite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gas

A

Motion of particles: loosely packed, high movement/KE
Shape: indefinite
Volume: indefinite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vapor

A

The gaseous phase of a substance that exists as a solid or liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical property

A

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition (what it’s made up of) (color, solubility, odor, hardness, malleability, density, melting/boiling point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Solubility

A

How well a substance dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical property

A

Can only be observed when substances undergo chemical change
Always results in a change in chemical composition of substances involved (flammability, decomposition, oxidation, explosiveness, corrosion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extensive property

A

Depends on the amount of matter present (volume, mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intensive property

A

Depends on the identity of the substance, not the amount (boiling point, density, conductivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physical change

A

Change which alters a given material without changing its composition (cutting/tearing, grinding, changes of state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemical change

A

Change which alters the chemical composition of a substance (end with a different substance than you started with) (burning, rotting, fermentation, baking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs of a chemical change

A
  • Energy change: energy is often given off or absorbed as heat
  • Color change (out of ordinary)
  • Odor production
  • Production of gas (often seen as bubbles)
  • Irreversibility: cannot proceed back to its original form

*often not enough to prove a chemical change, but indicate one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Evaporating

17
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

18
Q

Gas to solid

A

Depositing

19
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

20
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

21
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

In all chemical and physical changes, matter is neither created nor destroyed
Mass (reactants) = Mass (products)

22
Q

Do you know how to add and subtract?

A

Yes

23
Q

Pure substance

A

Matter with uniform a and constant composition

Each substance has a unique set of properties (chemical and physical)

24
Q

Element

A

Simplest form of matter that can exist under normal conditions
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances, all atoms are the same
Building blocks for all other substances

25
Q

Compound

A

Two or more different elements chemically combined to form a new substance
Can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means, two or more different atoms
Have properties different than the elements they are made from

26
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of two or more pure substances
Each substance retains its individual chemical properties
Variable composition
Can be separated by physical means

27
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Uneven blend of two or more pure substances
Individual substances remain distinct
Ex: sand and water, chocolate chip cookie
Shake/stir before using

28
Q

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

A 
Even blend of two or more pure substances
Uniform composition
Very small particles that don't settle
Most clear and not cloudy
Ex: Apple juice
29
Q

Filtration

A

Uses a porous to separate a solid from a liquid

30
Q

Distillation

A

Based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved

31
Q

Centrifuge

A

Rapid spinning that separates the components of a mixture based on their density. Heavy particles will got to the bottom and lighter particles to the top

32
Q

Decant

A

Pouring a liquid off of a solid

33
Q

Chromatography

A

Based on the ability of each substance to travel or be drawn across a surface

34
Q

Quantitative Property

A

Numerical information that tells how much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast (117 inches, 117 lbs, 117 miles/hour)

Chemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions