Unit Nine Flashcards
Acids
Taste sour, react with metals (form H2 gas), pH indicator red, neutralize bases
Bases
Taste bitter, slippery feel, pH indicator blue, neutralize acids
Arrhenius acids
The properties of acids are due to the presence of hydrogen, H+ ions.
Arrhenius bases
The properties of bases are due to the rpe sends of hydroxide, OH-, ions.
Problems with Arrhenius theory
Only deals with aqueous, not all acids and bases create H+ and OH- ions, considered most incomplete theory of acids and bases
Brønsted-Lowry Acids
Acids are substances that produce a hydrogen ion (or a proton donor).
Brønsted-Lowry bases
Bases are substances that can accept a hydrogen ion (or a proton acceptor).
Conjugate acids and conjugate bases
Acid and base if the reaction ran in reverse
Lewis acid
Acids are electrons acceptors
Lewis bases
Bases are electron donors
Amphoteric
A substance that can act as either an acid or a base ex water
Concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide in pure water
1 x 10^-7 M
pH
Power of hydrogen, scale goes from 0 to 14, change in pH corresponds to power of ten change in concentration of hydronium ions
pH of acids, neutral, bases
7
Ionizing
When a solution is considered strong, it will completely ionize in a solution
Strength is not equivalent to
Concentration
Strong acids and strong bases completely…
Ionize
Concentration of strong acid same concentration as
Hydronium ions
Strong base same concentration as
Hydroxide ions
Strong acids
HClO4 (perchloric acid) HClO3 (chloric acid) HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4
Strong bases
NaOH KOH LiOH RbOH CsOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 Sr(OH)2
