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Chemistry > Unit Two > Flashcards

Unit Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Precision

A

How close a series of measurements are to each other

Precise = consistent

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2
Q

Percent error

A

A measure of accuracy, the difference between the experimental value and the accepted value
Percent error = |experimental - accepted| / accepted x 100

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3
Q

Significant figures

A

The number of significant digits

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4
Q

Sig fig rules

A
  1. Nonzero numbers are always significant (117 = 3 sig figs)
  2. Zeroes between nonzero numbers are always significant (10017 = 5 sig figs)
  3. Zeroes at the end of a number are only significant if there is a decimal point present (117.00 = 5 sig figs, 11700 = 3 sig figs)
  4. Zeroes at the beginning of a number are NOT significant (00.117 = 3 sig figs)
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5
Q

Adding and subtracting sig figs

A

Calculate the answer and then round to the last decimal place that all of the given values had in common that was significant

17.1 - 1.17 = 15.9

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6
Q

Multiplying and dividing sig figs

A

Determine which given value has the lowest number of sig figs and then calculate your answer and round to that number of sig figs
117 x 1.1700000 = 137

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7
Q

When taking measurements in the lab, you are allowed to estimate…

A

1 digit

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8
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the accepted value

Accurate = correct

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9
Q

Length

A

Meter

m

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10
Q

Mass

A

Kilogram

kg

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11
Q

Time

A

Second

s

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12
Q

Temperature

A

Kelvin

K

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13
Q

Volume

A

Liter

L

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14
Q

Amount of substance

A

Mole

mol

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15
Q

Million

A

Mega

M

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16
Q

Thousand

A

Kilo

k

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17
Q

Tenth

A

Deci

d

18
Q

Hundredth

A

Centi

c

19
Q

Thousandth

A

Milli

m

20
Q

Millionth

A

Micro

μ

21
Q

Billionth

A

Nano

n

22
Q

Trillionth

A

Pico

p

23
Q

Order of prefixes?

A

M_ _ KHDBDCM_ μ _ n

24
Q

Temperature can be measured in…

A

Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin (most used in science)

25
Q

Celsius and Kelvin equation

A

K = °C + 273

26
Q

Fahrenheit and Celsius equation

A

°F = 1.8°C + 32

27
Q

Scientific notation

A

Used to make really big or really small numbers easier to deal with
X * 10^y

28
Q

Dimensional analysis

A

Units or labels are factored out top to bottom

29
Q

Dimensional analysis rules

A
  1. Identify starting and ending units
  2. Start with the given and line up conversion factors
  3. Multiply all top numbers and divide by each bottom number
  4. Check answer and units
30
Q

Group/family

A

Vertical column

31
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row

32
Q

Metals

A

Most elements, shiny, ductile, good conductors of electricity and heat, generally solid at room temperature, high density, malleable, high melting point, tend to gain electrons

33
Q

Nonmetals

A

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, low density, usually gases at room temperature, brittle and dull looking, tend to lose electrons

34
Q

Metalloids

A

Have properties of both metals and non metals (hybrids)

35
Q

Alkali Metals

A 
Group one
Highly reactive
Low melting and boiling points
Ductile and malleable
One electron in outermost shell 
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Explode in water
Lose valence electrons to their elements
Form a +1 ion
Group 1 (except hydrogen)
1 valence electron
Soft metals--usually exist in compounds
Highly reactive--react violently with water
Form +1 ions
36
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A 
Group 2
Shin low densities, melting and boiling points
Silvery-white
Somewhat reactive
2 valence electrons
Reactive metals (slightly less than Group 1)
Mineral ions like Mg2+ important in body
2 valence electrons
Form +2 ions
37
Q

Halogens

A 
Highly reactive
Electronegativity
All three states of matter
7 valence electrons
Low melting and boiling points
In elemental form, are toxic and can produce salts
Can't be found in nature
Group 17
Most reactive nonmetals
Found in nature as diatomic elements
Readily combine with metals to form salts
38
Q

Noble gases

A 
Colorless
Odorless
Low chemical reactivity
Monatomic
Valence is full--8 in outer shell except helium
Nonflammable
Oxidation #0--doesn't form compounds easily
Conduct electricity
Group 18
Gases
Unreactive (8 valence electrons)
Called noble gases because they don't react
39
Q

Transition metals

A 
Good conductors
Malleable
High melting point (except mercury)
Solid at room temperature
High density
Colorful when in a compound
40
Q

Lanthanides and actinides (rare earth metals)

A 
Silver, silvery-white, or gray
High luster, tarnish in air
High electrical conductivity
Have common properties
Naturally occur together in minerals
Found with nonmetals in 3+ oxidation state
Make up inner transition metals

Chemistry (12 decks)

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