Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Unit Five > Flashcards

Unit Five Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Products

A

The ending materials, located on the right of the arrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(s)

A

Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(l)

A

Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(g)

A

Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(aq)

A

Aqueous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aqueous

A

The substance has been dissolved in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Coefficients

A

Numbers in front of a compound that tell you how many moles of the compound you have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diatomic elements

A 
I2
Br2
Cl2
F2
O2
N2
H2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Goal of balancing chemical equations

A

Make the equation satisfy the law of conservation of matter, with equal amounts of atoms in the reactant and product side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to do when balancing combustion reactions

A

Balance carbon first, then hydrogen, then oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mole

A

A unit of measure used in chemistry that equals 6.02 x 10^23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What to do if equation has a polyatomic ion on both sides of the equation

A

Treat it like its own thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synthesis: definition, basic form

A

The combining of two or more substances

A + B —> AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decomposition

A

When one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances (the opposite of synthesis)
AB —> A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Single replacement (single displacement)

A

When a single element replaces an element in a compound, creating one new compound, and displaces the other element
A + BC —> AC + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Double replacement

A

Two elements from two different compounds switch places to form two new compounds
AB + CD —> AD + BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Combustion

A

A reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide (NEEDS OXYGEN AS A REACTANT AND WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE AS PRODUCTS)
CxHy +O2 —> H2O + CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reactants

A

The starting materials, located on the left of the arrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Predicting reaction products

A

Based on the type reaction, products can be predicted. When reforming products, must break groups into cation and anion, then determine if the the chemical equation needs to be balanced. Also, chemical formulas of ionic compounds must have an overall neutral charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oxidation-reduction reaction (redox)

A

A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and combustion reactions fall under this category.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

When an insoluble product forms when two soluble substances react (typically ionic compounds). When a substance is soluble we use (aq), when it’s insoluble we use (s). Use the solubility rules. It’s a type of double replacement reaction.

22
Q

Neutralization reaction (acid-base)

A

When an acid reacts with a base to form water and a salt. Acids contain H+ ions AND bases usually contain OH-. When the H+ from the acid combines with the OH- of the base it forms water. The remaining ions combine to form the salt (salt is another term for an ionic compound). MUST HAVE H+ AND OH-. A type of double replacement reaction.

23
Q

Reduction

A

Gain electrons

24
Q

Oxidation

A

Lose electrons

25
Q

OIL RIG

A

Oxidation is loss reduction is gain

26
Q

First rule for oxidation numbers

A

The oxidation number of an individual atom is zero

Ex. Mg = 0

27
Q

Oxidation rule 2

A

The total oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral species is zero and in an ion is equal to the ion charge

28
Q

Oxidation rule 3

A

Group 1 metals have an oxidation of umber of +1 and group 2 and oxidation number of +2 (in compounds).

29
Q

Oxidation rule 4

A

The oxidation number of fluorine is -1 in compounds.

30
Q

Oxidation rule 5

A

Hydrogen generally has an oxidation number of +1 in compounds, unless bonded to a metal where its oxidation number is -1.

31
Q

Oxidation rule 6

A

Oxygen generally has an oxidation number of -2 in compounds, with the exception if peroxides like H2O2 where it is -1.

32
Q

Oxidation rule 7

A

In binary metal compounds (and ONLY in binary metal compounds):
Group 17 elements have an oxidation number of -1
Group 16 elements have an oxidation number of -2
Group 15 elements have an oxidation number of -3

33
Q

Solubility rules

A

Don’t have to memorize the rules but use them from top to bottom (so too gets priority over bottom). If an ion is soluble, then it is (aq). If it is insoluble, then it is (s). If they’re all soluble, then no precipitation reaction occurs.

34
Q

Net ionic equations

A

The molecular equation for the reaction. It is without the spectator ions. You don’t need to include anything but the precipitate and the ions that form it.

35
Q

Complete ionic equation

A

Shows the dissolved ionic compounds as free ions in solution. Only write the charges for the broken up ionic compounds that are aqueous. Solid precipitated that form remain as a single compound.

36
Q

Complete ionic equation

A

Can be simplified by eliminating ions that do not participate in the reaction.

37
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions that are not directly involved in a reaction.

38
Q

Mole

A

Unit of measurement used because individual atoms are too small to work with

39
Q

1 mole/Avogadro’s number

A

6.02x10^23

40
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole of a substance (specific to whatever you’re talking about)

41
Q

How to calculate molar mass

A

List each element in your substance
Record the atomic mass for each element (found on the periodic table) and round to three significant figures
Multiply each mass by the number of atoms contained in the substance
Add up the totals for each element

42
Q

Unit for molar mass

A

Grams per mole

G/mol

43
Q

Particles to moles, moles to grams

A

Multiply

44
Q

Grams to moles, moles to particles

A

Divide

45
Q

Percent composition

A

Mass percentage of each element in a compound

46
Q

How to find percent composition

A

Get the molar masses of the elements, get the total molar mass of the thing, divide, get percentage

47
Q

Empirical formula

A

A formula that shows the ratio of elements in simplest (lowest) terms

48
Q

Steps for calculating empirical formulas

A

Convert mass percentage of each element to grams (pretend like there are 100g, so if 70.7% then write 70.7g)
Convert grams to moles using molar mass (divide amount of grams by molar mass)
Compare amounts of moles to find the simplest whole number ratios (divide by the lowest number)

49
Q

Hydrate

A

An ionic compound sigh water molecules trapped inside the crystal lattice structure

50
Q

How to name formulas with hydrates

A

Normal formula, then add the prefix and hydrate

Ex. Sodium carbonate decahydrate

51
Q

How to find the percentage of a hydrate

A

Add the molar mass of the water (18.0 x the prefix) plus the molar mass of the other thing. Divide by the total whichever you’re trying to find.

Chemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions