Unit X: Ethico-moral Principles Related to Cultural and Spiritual Preferences

Question 1

It is a science studying the relationship between human genome, nutrition, and health.

Answer 1

Nutritional genomics, nutrigenomics

Question 2

People in the fieldwork toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships.

Answer 2

Nutritional genomics

Question 3

typically focuses on preventative measures, trying to identify what nutrients or foods will raise or lower risks of diseases and damage to the human body.

Answer 3

Nutritional research

Question 4

one of the most widely studied topics in nutritional genomics.

Answer 4

Obesity

Question 5

provide timelines for how long clinicians should allow inadequate intake before initiating nutrition support.

Answer 5

Guidelines

Question 6

It is indicating that it is not beneficial to provide nutrition support for patients with an irreversible (permanent vegetative state or advanced dementia) or terminal (death anticipated within six months) illness.

Answer 6

Considerable data

Question 7

have demonstrated that when a patient is in a persistent vegetative state, the brain areas responsible for pain perception do not function.

Answer 7

Positron emission tomography scans

Question 8

has been shown to benefit competent patients by reducing physical deterioration, improving quality of life, and preventing the emotional effect of “starving the patient to death.”

Answer 8

Nutrition support

Question 9

improved nutrient intake, quality of life, and fluid status.

Answer 9

tube feeding

Question 10

a location where intense medical and surgical treatment is provided.

Answer 10

intensive care unit (ICU)

Question 11

He observed that providing “comfort foods” and oral hydration was therapeutic for the patients.

Answer 11

Fine

Question 12

These are life-sustaining medical therapies that, like other medical therapies, can be legally initiated or ceased.

Answer 12

Nutrition and hydration

Question 13

a standard way of measuring the ability of cancer patients to perform ordinary tasks.

Answer 13

Karnofsky score

Question 14

driving force in making informed decisions.

Answer 14

autonomy

Question 15

Restrictive trade policies in rice could well be the underlying reason why levels of malnutrition have been substantially higher in the Philippines.

Answer 15

Policy Incoherence

Question 16

Trade distortions, inefficient logistics, postharvest losses, and uncompetitive marketing practices, have the cumulative effect of rising food prices, to the grave detriment of poor consumers, while depressing farm incomes.

Answer 16

Unresponsive food system

Question 17

Climate impacts are magnifying the risks and vulnerabilities that already afflict Philippine agriculture and food production as well as the vulnerable and marginalized families and individuals.

Answer 17

Climate and other shocks

Question 18

it has not been well translated and integrated into key development plans, thus nutrition often misses out in local programming and budgeting.

Answer 18

Planning Gap

Question 19

the FSN governance structures are unable to transcend the seemingly inevitable overlap, confusion, and fragmentation of investments/actions across the various actors, both national and local.

Answer 19

Governance and service delivery gaps

Question 20

Relative to the magnitude of the problem, resources for addressing hunger and malnutrition have been inadequate, and much of those that are available so far have not been placed in high-impact programs.

Answer 20

Lack of resources

Question 21

There is no shortage of programs and interventions to address hunger and malnutrition in the country.
However, these have been insufficient to avert hunger and the current public health crisis.
Some direct interventions of government can stand improvements to effectively address issues.

Answer 21

Implementation gaps

Question 22

Accountability for ending hunger and malnutrition is too dispersed to make a difference in practice.
A strong push by the government to exact accountability is considered likely to increase awareness of the hunger and malnutrition problem and heighten the prioritization of solutions.

Answer 22

Weak accountability

Question 23

one of the major socio-economic causes of variation in nutrient intake, and it also impacts nutrient requirements. imposes constraints to live in environments that are less food secure and that have greater potential health risks

Answer 23

Poverty

Question 24

religion, food, and social status, also influence nutritional intake and needs.

Answer 24

Socio-cultural factors

Question 25

influence what people understand to be edible foods, what they eat, and as such has an impact on which nutrients are consumed and which nutrients may be needed in higher amounts.

Answer 25

Religion and culture