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PNS > Unit VIII > Flashcards

Unit VIII Flashcards

1
Q

Special sense organ of vision Pg 281

A

Eye

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2
Q

What germ layer is the eye derived from? Pg 281

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What are the retina and pigmented structures derived from? Pg 281

A

Neuroectoderm of the forebrain

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4
Q

What are the lends and cornea derived from? Pg 281

A

Surface ectoderm

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5
Q

What are the fibrous coats derived from? Pg 281

A

Neural crest mesenchyme

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6
Q

What are the 3 coats or tunics of the eye? Pg 281

A

1) fibrous
2) vascular
3) nervous

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7
Q

What are the components of the fibrous tunic? Pg 281/2

A

Sclera and cornea

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8
Q

What maintains shape if the pressure inside the eye increases? Pg 281

A

Sclera

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9
Q

Where do the extraocular muscles attach? Pg 282

A

Sclera

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10
Q

Where does the sclera transition to the cornea? Pg 282

A

Limbus

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11
Q

What is the primary refractory part of the eyeball? Pg 282

A

Cornea

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12
Q

What is the shape of the cornea? Pg 282

A

Convex to the anterior

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13
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea? Pg 282/3

A

1) corneal epithelium
2) anterior limiting lamina
3) substantia propria
4) posterior limiting lamina
5) endothelium

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14
Q

What are the components of the vascular tunic? Pg 283

A

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

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15
Q

What is darkly pigmented to limit the passage of light to and from the retina? Pg 283

A

Choroid

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16
Q

How is the choroid attached to the sclera? Pg 283

A

Loosely, except where the optic nerve penetrates it

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17
Q

What suspends the lens and produces the aqueous fluid? Pg 283

A

Ciliary body

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18
Q

What contains the ciliary muscle? Pg 283

A

Ciliary body

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19
Q

Aqueous fluid is produced where in the eye? Pg 283/7

A

Posterior chamber of the anterior segment

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20
Q

What is the action of the ciliary muscles? Pg 283

A

Allows the lens to become more convex, allowing for near vision

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21
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior segment of the eye? Pg 283

A

Iris

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22
Q

What two muscles control the size of the pupil? Pg 283/4

A

1) sphincter pupillae

2) dilator pupillae

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23
Q

What is the action and arrangement of the sphincter pupillae? Pg 284

A

Constriction of the pupil, circumferentially arranged

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24
Q

What is the action and arrangement of the dilator pupillae? Pg 284

A

Dilation of the pupil, radially arranged

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25
Q

What are the components of the nervous tunic? Pg 284

A

Retina

26
Q

Why is the retina considered a specialized portion of the brain? Pg 284

A

Because it is an outgrowth of diencephalon

27
Q

What are the 10 layers of the retina from external to internal? Pg 284/5

A

1) pigmented layer
2) outer segment (rods and cones)
3) external limiting membrane
4) outer nuclear layer
5) outer plexiform layer
6) inner nuclear layer
7) inner plexiform layer
8) ganglion cell layer
9) nerve fiber layer
10) internal limiting membrane

28
Q

Where does detached retina occur? Pg 284

A

Pigmented layer

29
Q

5 cells involved with the vision pathway? Pg 286

A

Photoreceptors -> inner nuclear layer(bipolar) -> ganglionic cell layer(multipolar) -> lateral geniculate body -> brodmann area 17

30
Q

Point at which the optic nerve attaches to the eyeball Pg 286

A

Optic disk

31
Q

True or False: the optic disk has photoreceptors Pg 286

A

False, NO photoreceptors

32
Q

What is the area of clearest vision? Pg 286

A

Fovea centralis/Macula lutea

33
Q

What is the center of the macula lutea? Pg 286

A

Fovea centralis

34
Q

____(rods or cones) are the only photoreceptors in the fovea centralis Pg 286

A

Cones

35
Q

What are the refractory components of the eye? Pg 286

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body

36
Q

What separates the anterior segment from the posterior segment? Pg 287

A

Lens

37
Q

Condition of the lens hardening with age Pg 287

A

Presbyopia

38
Q

Condition of the lens becoming less and less transparent Pg 287

A

Cataracts

39
Q

What fills the posterior segment? Pg 287

A

Vitreous body

40
Q

A vestigial structure connecting the optic nerve and posterior aspect of the lens Pg 287

A

Hyaloid canal

41
Q

What did he hyaloid canal contain? Pg 287

A

Fetal hyaloid artery

42
Q

What extraocular muscle is supplied by the trochlear nerve? Pg 287/8

A

Superior oblique

43
Q

What extraocular muscle is supplied by the abducens nerve? Pg 287/8

A

Lateral rectus

44
Q

What extraocular muscles are supplied by the oculomotor nerve? Pg 287/8

A

Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique

45
Q

Pathway of the lacrimal apparatus Pg 288

A

Lacrimal gland -> excretory ducts -> lacrimal ducts -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferior nasal meatus

46
Q

What are the tarsal glands? Pg 288

A

Modified sebaceous gland

47
Q

What do the tarsal glands do? Pg 288

A

Produces an oily substance to reduce the evaporation of tears

48
Q

What is the arterial supply to the eye? Pg 289

A

One medial/one lateral long posterior ciliary artery, 6-12 short ciliary arteries, 6-8 anterior ciliary arteries, and central retinal artery

49
Q

What is the only artery to supply the retina? Pg 289

A

Central retinal artery

50
Q

What is the venous drainage from the eye? Pg 289

A

One medial/one lateral long posterior ciliary vein, 6-8 anterior ciliary veins, and central retinal vein

51
Q

What is the nerve supply to the eyeball? Pg 290

A

Branches of the nasociliary nerve of the ophthalmic division trigeminal

52
Q

Ectodermal thickening on lateral “head” Pg 290

A

Placode

53
Q

What does the auditory vesicle give rise to? Pg 290

A

Membranous inner ear

54
Q

What is the auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from? Pg 290

A

First pharyngeal pouch

55
Q

What is the malleus derived from? Pg 290

A

Dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage

56
Q

What is the incus derived from? Pg 290

A

Dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

57
Q

What is the stapes derived from? Pg 290

A

Dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch

58
Q

What is the tympanic membrane derived from? Pg 290

A

Interstitial mesoderm

59
Q

What is the external acoustic canal derived from? Pg 290

A

First pharyngeal groove

60
Q

What is the auricle derived from? Pg 290

A

Groove next to the first pharyngeal groove

61
Q

What is the purpose of the auricle? Pg 291

A

Funnel sound waves

62
Q

3 extrinsic muscles of the auricle Pg 292

A

1) anterior auricular
2) superior auricular
3) posterior auricular

PNS (5 decks)

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