Unit VII: Visceral Afferents and Parasympathetics Flashcards
Where are the cell bodies for the visceral afferents located? Pg 257
Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion
Which processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse? Pg 257
Peripheral processes
Peripheral processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via… Pg 257
Autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse
Visceral sympathetic afferents may travel through sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglion by passing through what? Pg 257
White ramus communicans
Visceral parasympathetic afferents travel via… Pg 257
Sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves
Visceral afferents are associated with what receptors? Pg 257
Receptors sensitive to pressure (baroreceptors), chemical concentrations (chemoreceptors), and muscle stretching.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in which nerves? Pg 258
CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4
CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4 carry which kind of fibers? Pg 258
Preganglionic parasympathetic
Parasympathetic are classical _____ (cholinergic or adrenergic) Pg 258
Cholinergic
Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers generally synapse? Pg 258
Post-ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglion
What effect do post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers have on effector organs? Pg 258
Decease cardiac output, constrict the bronchial tree, constrict the pupils, stimulate peristalsis (rest/digest)
Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 3 located? Pg 258
Accessory oculomotor nucleus
Where is the accessory oculomotor located? Pg 258
Periaqueductal gray
Where do pre-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 synapse? Pg 258
Ciliary ganglion
Post-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 are carried in which nerves? Pg 258
Short ciliary nerves
Short ciliary nerves supply which two muscles? Pg 258/9
Ciliary muscle (ciliaris) and sphincter pupillae
Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 7 located? Pg 259
Superior salivary nucleus
Preganglionic fibers are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve? Pg 259
1) greater petrosal
2) chorda tympani
Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve? Pg 259
Geniculate ganglion
Path of the greater petrosal nerve Pg 259
Leaves the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion -> hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve -> reenters temporal bone through the foramen lacerum -> pterygoid canal -> synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion
After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel and via what nerves? Pg 259
1) Lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve (via maxillary division: zygomatic branch) and
2) nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands via orbital branches
Path of the chorda tympani Pg 259
Through tympanic cavity -> leaves temporal bone through pterygotympanic fissure -> combines with lingual nerve -> pre-ganglionic fibers leave the lingual nerve and synapse in the submandibular ganglion
After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani nerve synapse in the submandibular ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 260
1) submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands
2) oral mucosa
Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 9 located? Pg 260
Inferior salivary nucleus
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 9 are carried in what nerve? Pg 260
Tympanic nerve
Path of the tympanic nerve Pg 260
Leaves the glossopharyngeal nerve at the inferior ganglion -> tympanic canaliculus -> tympanic cavity -> receives post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers(superior cervical ganglion) -> forms tympanic plexus -> pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus reforming as the lesser petrosal nerve -> lesser petrosal canal -> otic ganglion
The tympani nerve becomes the lesser petrosal nerve after passing through what structure? Pg 260
Tympanic plexus
After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve synapse in the otic ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel nd via what nerves? Pg 260
1) parotid gland via auricotemporal nerve (via trigeminal: mandibular division)
2) posterior lingual glands via lingual branches (via glossopharyngeal)
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 are carried in what nerve? Pg 261
Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus
Where are the post-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 located? Pg 261
In the organs supplied or blood vessels that supply the organs ie. myocardium, submucosal plexus(Meissner’s), or myenteric plexus(Auerbach’s)
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart are carried in what nerves? Pg 261
Superior and inferior cardiac nerves
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart synapse? Pg 261
Cardiac plexus at the base and walls of the heart
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the heart) synapse in the cardiac plexus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 261
1) sinoatrial node
2) atrioventricular node
3) atrioventricular bundle -> subendocardial branches(Purkinje fibers)
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the heart have? Pg 261
Inhibits myocardium and constricts the coronary arteries
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs are carried in what nerves? Pg 263
Anterior and posterior bronchial branches
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs synapse? Pg 263
Pulmonary plexuses surrounding the bronchial tree
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the lungs) synapse in the pulmonary plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263
1) bronchial musculature
2) bronchial glands
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the lungs have? Pg 263
Constriction of the bronchial tree and increased secretions of bronchial glands
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus are carried in what nerves? Pg 263
Recurrent laryngeal nerves and anterior and posterior esophageal branches
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus synapse? Pg 263
Wall of the esophagus
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the esophagus) synapse in the wall of the esophagus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263
Smooth muscle fibers of the esophagus
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach are carried in what nerves? Pg 263
Branches from both the anterior(~4) and posterior(~6)vagal trunks
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach synapse? Pg 263
Submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s)plexuses in the walls of the stomach
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the stomach) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses in the walls of the stomach, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263
Smooth muscle fibers
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the stomach have? Pg 263
Contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 263
Posterior vagal trunk
Duodenum= celiac plexus
Remaining= celiac plexus-> superior mesenteric plexus
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon synapse? Pg 264
Submucosal and myenteric plexus
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264
Smooth muscle fibers
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon have? Pg 264
Contraction of smooth muscle fibers and secretomotor for intestinal glands
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree are carried in what nerves? Pg 264
Hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk -> hepatic plexus(extension of the celiac plexus)
Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree synapse? Pg 264
Muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas
After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree) synapse in the muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264
Smooth muscle fibers or glands
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree have? Pg 264
Increases smooth muscle activity in the gallbladder and biliary vessels and secretomotor for the pancreatic glands
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the spleen are carried in what nerves? Pg 264
Posterior vagal trunk -> splenic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the kidneys are carried in what nerves? Pg 264
Posterior vagus -> renal plexus
Any fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are likely ____ _____ Pg 264
Visceral afferents
Is the motor supply to the kidneys sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both? Pg 264
Strictly sympathetic
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the liver are carried in what nerves? Pg 264
Anterior vagal trunk (some posterior) -> hepatic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)
Parasympathetic supply to the liver is likely ___ Pg 264
Afferent
Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the suprarenal glands are carried in what nerves? Pg 265
Posterior vagal trunk
Parasympathetic supply to the suprarenal glands is likely ___ Pg 265
Afferent
Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which cord levels? Pg 265
S2, 3, and 4
Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which horn? Pg 265
Lateral horn
Where do pelvic parasympathetic pathways exit? Pg 265
Anterior sacral foramina
Pelvic parasympathetic pathways are carried in what nerves? Pg 265
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus to be distributed to the pelvic organs? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the distal colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric plexus -> superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses via hypogastric nerve
How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the distal colon) reach their target tissues? Pg 265
Inferior mesenteric plexus
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the rectum and anus are carried in what nerves? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric plexus
How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the rectum and anus) reach their target tissues? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the urinary bladder are carried in what nerves? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric plexus
How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the urinary bladder) reach their target tissues? Pg 265
Inferior hypogastric plexus
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the urinary bladder have? Pg 266
Initiation of bladder emptying
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle are carried in what nerves? Pg 266
Inferior hypogastric plexus -> prostatic plexus
After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266
Smooth muscles of the prostatic urethra and seminal vesicle
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the uterus are carried in what nerves? Pg 266
Inferior hypogastric plexus
After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the uterus) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266
Distributed throughout the myometrium of the uterus
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the uterus have? Pg 266
Likely inhibits these muscles, but hormonal factors may play a larger role, especially during pregnancy
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina are carried in what nerves? Pg 266
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Where do Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina synapse? Pg 266
Vaginal plexus
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the vagina have? Pg 266
Vasodilation and increased secretory activity
Fibers reaching the inferior part of the vagina may also use what nerve? Pg 266
Pudendal nerve
Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the penis a or clitoris are carried in what nerves? Pg 266
Inferior hypogastric plexus -> cavernous plexus
What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the penis or clitoris have? Pg 266
Vasodilation and the filling of the sinuses of erectile tissue
