Unit VII: Visceral Afferents and Parasympathetics

Question 1

Where are the cell bodies for the visceral afferents located? Pg 257

Answer 1

Posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

Question 2

Which processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse? Pg 257

Answer 2

Peripheral processes

Question 3

Peripheral processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via… Pg 257

Answer 3

Autonomic ganglion, plexus or even, somatic nerves without synapse

Question 4

Visceral sympathetic afferents may travel through sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglion by passing through what? Pg 257

Answer 4

White ramus communicans

Question 5

Visceral parasympathetic afferents travel via… Pg 257

Answer 5

Sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Question 6

Visceral afferents are associated with what receptors? Pg 257

Answer 6

Receptors sensitive to pressure (baroreceptors), chemical concentrations (chemoreceptors), and muscle stretching.

Question 7

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in which nerves? Pg 258

Answer 7

CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4

Question 8

CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 7 (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus), and sacral nerves 2,3, & 4 carry which kind of fibers? Pg 258

Answer 8

Preganglionic parasympathetic

Question 9

Parasympathetic are classical _____ (cholinergic or adrenergic) Pg 258

Answer 9

Cholinergic

Question 10

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers generally synapse? Pg 258

Answer 10

Post-ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglion

Question 11

What effect do post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers have on effector organs? Pg 258

Answer 11

Decease cardiac output, constrict the bronchial tree, constrict the pupils, stimulate peristalsis (rest/digest)

Question 12

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 3 located? Pg 258

Answer 12

Accessory oculomotor nucleus

Question 13

Where is the accessory oculomotor located? Pg 258

Answer 13

Periaqueductal gray

Question 14

Where do pre-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 synapse? Pg 258

Answer 14

Ciliary ganglion

Question 15

Post-ganglionic nerves of CN 3 are carried in which nerves? Pg 258

Answer 15

Short ciliary nerves

Question 16

Short ciliary nerves supply which two muscles? Pg 258/9

Answer 16

Ciliary muscle (ciliaris) and sphincter pupillae

Question 17

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 7 located? Pg 259

Answer 17

Superior salivary nucleus

Question 18

Preganglionic fibers are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve? Pg 259

Answer 18

1) greater petrosal

2) chorda tympani

Question 19

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve? Pg 259

Answer 19

Geniculate ganglion

Question 20

Path of the greater petrosal nerve Pg 259

Answer 20

Leaves the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion -> hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve -> reenters temporal bone through the foramen lacerum -> pterygoid canal -> synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 21

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel and via what nerves? Pg 259

Answer 21

1) Lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve (via maxillary division: zygomatic branch) and
2) nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands via orbital branches

Question 22

Path of the chorda tympani Pg 259

Answer 22

Through tympanic cavity -> leaves temporal bone through pterygotympanic fissure -> combines with lingual nerve -> pre-ganglionic fibers leave the lingual nerve and synapse in the submandibular ganglion

Question 23

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani nerve synapse in the submandibular ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 260

Answer 23

1) submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands

2) oral mucosa

Question 24

Where are pre-ganglionic cell bodies of CN 9 located? Pg 260

Answer 24

Inferior salivary nucleus

Question 25

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 9 are carried in what nerve? Pg 260

Answer 25

Tympanic nerve

Question 26

Path of the tympanic nerve Pg 260

Answer 26

Leaves the glossopharyngeal nerve at the inferior ganglion -> tympanic canaliculus -> tympanic cavity -> receives post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers(superior cervical ganglion) -> forms tympanic plexus -> pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers pass through the tympanic plexus reforming as the lesser petrosal nerve -> lesser petrosal canal -> otic ganglion

Question 27

The tympani nerve becomes the lesser petrosal nerve after passing through what structure? Pg 260

Answer 27

Tympanic plexus

Question 28

After the pre-ganglionic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve synapse in the otic ganglion, where do the post-ganglionic fibers travel nd via what nerves? Pg 260

Answer 28

1) parotid gland via auricotemporal nerve (via trigeminal: mandibular division) 2) posterior lingual glands via lingual branches (via glossopharyngeal)

Question 29

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 are carried in what nerve? Pg 261

Answer 29

Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

Question 30

Where are the post-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 located? Pg 261

Answer 30

In the organs supplied or blood vessels that supply the organs ie. myocardium, submucosal plexus(Meissner's), or myenteric plexus(Auerbach's)

Question 31

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart are carried in what nerves? Pg 261

Answer 31

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves

Question 32

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the heart synapse? Pg 261

Answer 32

Cardiac plexus at the base and walls of the heart

Question 33

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the heart) synapse in the cardiac plexus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 261

Answer 33

1) sinoatrial node 2) atrioventricular node 3) atrioventricular bundle -> subendocardial branches(Purkinje fibers)

Question 34

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 34

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 35

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the heart have? Pg 261

Answer 35

Inhibits myocardium and constricts the coronary arteries

Question 36

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

Answer 36

Anterior and posterior bronchial branches

Question 37

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the lungs synapse? Pg 263

Answer 37

Pulmonary plexuses surrounding the bronchial tree

Question 38

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the lungs) synapse in the pulmonary plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

Answer 38

1) bronchial musculature | 2) bronchial glands

Question 39

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the lungs have? Pg 263

Answer 39

Constriction of the bronchial tree and increased secretions of bronchial glands

Question 40

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

Answer 40

Recurrent laryngeal nerves and anterior and posterior esophageal branches

Question 41

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the esophagus synapse? Pg 263

Answer 41

Wall of the esophagus

Question 42

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the esophagus) synapse in the wall of the esophagus, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

Answer 42

Smooth muscle fibers of the esophagus

Question 43

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

Answer 43

Branches from both the anterior(~4) and posterior(~6)vagal trunks

Question 44

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the stomach synapse? Pg 263

Answer 44

Submucosal (Meissner's) and myenteric (Auerbach's)plexuses in the walls of the stomach

Question 45

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the stomach) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner's) and myenteric (Auerbach's) plexuses in the walls of the stomach, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 263

Answer 45

Smooth muscle fibers

Question 46

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the stomach have? Pg 263

Answer 46

Contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices

Question 47

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 263

Answer 47

Posterior vagal trunk Duodenum= celiac plexus Remaining= celiac plexus-> superior mesenteric plexus

Question 48

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon synapse? Pg 264

Answer 48

Submucosal and myenteric plexus

Question 49

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon) synapse in the submucosal (Meissner's) and myenteric (Auerbach's) plexuses, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264

Answer 49

Smooth muscle fibers

Question 50

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon have? Pg 264

Answer 50

Contraction of smooth muscle fibers and secretomotor for intestinal glands

Question 51

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

Answer 51

Hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk -> hepatic plexus(extension of the celiac plexus)

Question 52

Where do pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree synapse? Pg 264

Answer 52

Muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas

Question 53

After preganglionic fibers of CN 10(traveling to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree) synapse in the muscular walls of the gallbladder and biliary tree, and glandular tissue of the pancreas, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 264

Answer 53

Smooth muscle fibers or glands

Question 54

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the gallbladder, pancreas, and biliary tree have? Pg 264

Answer 54

Increases smooth muscle activity in the gallbladder and biliary vessels and secretomotor for the pancreatic glands

Question 55

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the spleen are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

Answer 55

Posterior vagal trunk -> splenic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)

Question 56

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the kidneys are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

Answer 56

Posterior vagus -> renal plexus

Question 57

Any fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are likely ____ _____ Pg 264

Answer 57

Visceral afferents

Question 58

Is the motor supply to the kidneys sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both? Pg 264

Answer 58

Strictly sympathetic

Question 59

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the liver are carried in what nerves? Pg 264

Answer 59

Anterior vagal trunk (some posterior) -> hepatic plexus (extension of the celiac plexus)

Question 60

Parasympathetic supply to the liver is likely ___ Pg 264

Answer 60

Afferent

Question 61

Pre-ganglionic fibers of CN 10 traveling to the suprarenal glands are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

Answer 61

Posterior vagal trunk

Question 62

Parasympathetic supply to the suprarenal glands is likely ___ Pg 265

Answer 62

Afferent

Question 63

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which cord levels? Pg 265

Answer 63

S2, 3, and 4

Question 64

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways arise from which horn? Pg 265

Answer 64

Lateral horn

Question 65

Where do pelvic parasympathetic pathways exit? Pg 265

Answer 65

Anterior sacral foramina

Question 66

Pelvic parasympathetic pathways are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

Answer 66

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 67

Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus to be distributed to the pelvic organs? Pg 265

Answer 67

Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

Question 68

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the distal colon are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

Answer 68

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses via hypogastric nerve

Question 69

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the distal colon) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

Answer 69

Inferior mesenteric plexus

Question 70

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the rectum and anus are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

Answer 70

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 71

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the rectum and anus) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

Answer 71

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 72

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the urinary bladder are carried in what nerves? Pg 265

Answer 72

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 73

How do post-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the urinary bladder) reach their target tissues? Pg 265

Answer 73

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 74

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the urinary bladder have? Pg 266

Answer 74

Initiation of bladder emptying

Question 75

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

Answer 75

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> prostatic plexus

Question 76

After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the prostate and seminal vesicle) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266

Answer 76

Smooth muscles of the prostatic urethra and seminal vesicle

Question 77

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the uterus are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

Answer 77

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 78

After preganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 (traveling to the uterus) synapse, where do post-ganglionic fibers travel? Pg 266

Answer 78

Distributed throughout the myometrium of the uterus

Question 79

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the uterus have? Pg 266

Answer 79

Likely inhibits these muscles, but hormonal factors may play a larger role, especially during pregnancy

Question 80

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

Answer 80

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 81

Where do Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the vagina synapse? Pg 266

Answer 81

Vaginal plexus

Question 82

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the vagina have? Pg 266

Answer 82

Vasodilation and increased secretory activity

Question 83

Fibers reaching the inferior part of the vagina may also use what nerve? Pg 266

Answer 83

Pudendal nerve

Question 84

Pre-ganglionic fibers of S2,3,4 traveling to the penis a or clitoris are carried in what nerves? Pg 266

Answer 84

Inferior hypogastric plexus -> cavernous plexus

Question 85

What affect does parasympathetic stimulation to the penis or clitoris have? Pg 266

Answer 85

Vasodilation and the filling of the sinuses of erectile tissue