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AP Comp Gov > Unit Two: The UK > Flashcards

Unit Two: The UK Flashcards

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1
Q

another term for instant runoff voting

A

alternate voting (av)

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2
Q

a series of reductions in public spending, intended to cut welfare and other public institution during coalition

A

austerity program

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3
Q

(in the UK) a Member of Parliament who does not hold office in the government or opposition and who sits behind the front benches in the House of Commons

A

backbenchers

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4
Q

provided for a social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pension, and other benefits.

A

Beveridge Report

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5
Q

Labour PM; charted a course called the “third way” (New Labour); He cut ties with trade unions and focussed more on larger companies

A

Tony Blair

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6
Q

David Cameron presented this idea for people to have more say in government

A

Big Society

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7
Q

The primary station that sought to educate citizens, and was usually respectful of government officials.

A

BBC

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8
Q

Historically the BNP has been overtly anti-Semitic but in recent years it has focused on ousting Muslims from Britain.

A

British National Party (BNP)

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9
Q

Tony Blair’s successor; supported the “third way”

A

Gordon Brown

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10
Q

PM of the Conservatives-LibDems coalition in the 2010 election; supported “Big Society”, one that is energized by grass-root volunteers and private organizations, NOT a “Big Government”

A

David Cameron

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11
Q

meetings of people from the same
area or of like mind

A

Caucuses

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12
Q

(political culture) in Britain was
characterized by trust, deference to authority and competence, pragmatism, and harmony.

A

“civic culture”

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13
Q

called for the nationalization of the “commanding heights” of British industry; providing more industry

A

Clause 4

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14
Q

Liberal-Democratic leader during 2010 coalition

A

Nick Clegg

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15
Q

When there is no clear majority in the House of Commons, this government may form when 2 or more parties combine to take the majority

A

coalition government

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16
Q

to reach a general agreement on something

A

collective consensus

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17
Q

the notion that cabinet members must publicly agree with PM policymaking

A

collective responsibility

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18
Q

a nonprofit organization in the United Kingdom. Its mission is to lobby and act as an advocate for domestic businesses on national and international issues; limit TUC’s
wage demands in exchange for a 3% reduction in income tax rates.

A

Confederation of Business Industries

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19
Q

the main party on the right, but it has prospered partly because it traditionally has been a pragmatic, rather than an ideological party

A

Conservative Party

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20
Q

the “constitution” has evolved over time, with important documents, common law, and customs combining to form what is
often called the

A

“Constitution of the Crown”

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21
Q

differences in cultural identity

A

cultural heterogeneity

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22
Q

The party has been described as right-wing and socially conservative, being anti-abortion and opposing same-sex marriage. The DUP sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and Irish republicanism; the party is Eurosceptic and supported Brexit

A

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

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23
Q

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration

A

devolution

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24
Q

an Act of the Parliament of England that set out certain basic civil rights and clarified who would be next to inherit the Crown. It remains a crucial statute in English constitutional law. The Bill of Rights. Parliament of England.

A

the English Bill of Rights

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25
Q

a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration

A

Euroskeptics

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26
Q

winner takes all (usually ran in district)

A

“first-past-the-post” voting system

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27
Q

introducing fixed-term elections to Parliament. Under the provisions of the Act, parliamentary elections must be held every five years

A

Fixed-Term Parliaments Act of 2011

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28
Q

This bloodless revolution established
the constitutional monarchy when William and Mary agreed to written restrictions on their power by signing the Bill of
Rights. (parliamentary restrictions)

A

the Glorius Revolution

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29
Q

consists of the PM and his/her cabinet

A

the “government”

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30
Q

a slow change in policies and politics over time

A

gradualism

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31
Q

House of Lords seats earned by birth

A

hereditary peers

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32
Q

gives authority to local governments; in the UK this is Wales, Scotland, etc;

A

home rule

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33
Q

no party in House earns the majority

A

hung parliament

34
Q

the feeling of separation from the continent of Europe

A

insularity

35
Q

used guerrilla warfare tactics to convince the British to allow Irish independence. Finally, in 1949, the bulk of Ireland became a totally independent country, and Northern Ireland
has remained under British rule, but not without a great deal of conflict between Protestants and Catholics.

A

Irish Republican Army

36
Q

Margaret Thatcher’s nickname

A

“Iron Lady”

37
Q

support a great deal of government control of the economy, including the nationalization of many major industries.

A

Keynesianism

38
Q

the largest party on the left; Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, and Ed Miliband

A

Labour Party

39
Q

members of the House of Lords who were
designated as the highest judicial authority in Great Britain to settle disputes from lower courts; later replaced with Supreme Court

A

law lords

40
Q

Two parties – the Liberals and the Social Democrats – formed an alliance in the 1983 and 1987 elections, and formally merged in 1989, establishing the Liberal Democratic Party. The goal was to establish a strong party in the middle as a compromise to the politics of the two major parties: Thatcher’s extremely conservative leadership and
Labour’s leftist views and strategies.

A

Liberal Democratic Alliance

41
Q

the philosophy that emphasizes political and economic freedoms for the
individual and the market.

A

liberalism

42
Q

people appointed to nonhereditary positions as a result of distinguished service to Britain

A

life peers

43
Q

the second party behind the majority party; faces the PM and his cabinet

A

“loyal opposition”

44
Q

King John signed this to put an end to a complete Monarch

A

Magna Carter

45
Q

Labour party; supported AV

A

Ed Miliband

46
Q

inflation + unemployment

A

“misery index”

47
Q

the government directing the economy and nationalizing major industries without giving up basic principles of capitalism, such as private ownership of property

A

mixed economy

48
Q

Although Britain has a relatively large
amount of cultural homogeneity, its boundaries include England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, all of which have been different nations in the past but are united under one government today.

A

multi-nationalism

49
Q

a democratic form of corporatism which favors economic tripartism, which involves strong labour unions, employers’ associations, and governments that cooperated as “social partners” to negotiate and manage a national economy

A

neo-coropatism

50
Q

a revival of the old political and economic philosophy of liberalism that had guided Britain in earlier years; M Thatcher; Free Market Economy

A

neo-liberalism

51
Q

duty of the upper class to take care of the Welfare of the lower class

A

noblesse oblique

52
Q

Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries

A

OPEC

53
Q

The most important portal to the elite classes is through Oxford and Cambridge Universities, or _____

A

Oxbridge

54
Q
  • Executive = Legislative
  • PM and his/her cabinet lead
  • Legislative Body = Parliament
  • The PM is the leader of majority party
  • PM chooses cabinet from Parliament
  • People vote for members of Parliament (They do NOT vote for parties or the PM)
A

parliamentary system

55
Q

a center-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom

A

Plaid Cymru

56
Q

also known as first-past-the-post

A

plurality voting system

57
Q

the tendency to disagree openly and sometimes violently with the government

A

politics of protest

58
Q

voters cast their ballots for a party rather than for a candidate, and the percentage of votes a party receives determines how many seats the party will gain in the legislature

A

proportional representation

59
Q

quasi-autonomous nongovernmental
organizations), or policy advisory boards appointed by the government

A

quangos

60
Q

the PM listens and responds to questions the opposition might have; held every week

A

Question Time

61
Q

based neither on tradition nor
on the force of a single personality, but rather on a system of well-established laws and procedures

A

rational-legal legitimacy

62
Q

an event in which the people of a county, state, etc., vote for or against a law that deals with a specific issue; a public vote on a particular issue

A

referendum

63
Q

an electoral district that is regarded as fully secure, for either a particular party or candidate

A

safe districts

64
Q

Scots still have a strong national identity and tend to think of themselves as being very different from the English. The Scots too have their own national flag, and the Scottish Parliament has recently been revived. In 2015, a vote for Scottish Independence was narrowly defeated.

A

Scottish Independent Movement

65
Q

the largest party in Scottish National Party that supports Scottish nationalism and independence

A

Scottish National Party (SNP)

66
Q

the opposition that faces the majority party and the PM with his cabinet

A

“shadow cabinet”

67
Q

an Irish republican political party dedicated to the reunification of Ireland and an end to British jurisdiction in the north of Ireland

A

Sinn Fein

68
Q

unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group

A

solidarity

69
Q

presides over all debates in the House of Commons; supposed to be objective and often is not a member of the majority party

A

Speaker of the House

70
Q

strict conservatives that want to roll back government controls and move to a fully free market. The members of this wing are often referred to as Euroskeptics because they see the EU’s move toward European integration as a threat to British sovereignty

A

Thatcherism

71
Q

a centrist political position that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of center-right economic policies with center-left social policies

A

the third way

72
Q

early political party; supported the king and the monarch

A

Tories

73
Q

represents a coalition of unions

A

Trade Union Congress

74
Q

the act of inheriting the power from a predecessor; ex: House of Lords hereditary peers

A

traditional leadership

75
Q

characterized by political scientists as a right-wing populist party; the major focus was the threat of the EU taking from GB sovereignty

A

UK Independence Party

76
Q

centralized form of government

A

unitary government

77
Q

a vote on a key issue. If the issue is not supported, the cabinet by tradition must resign immediately, and elections for new
MPs must be held as soon as possible

A

vote of no confidence

78
Q

Today, noblesse oblige is reflected in the general willingness of the British to accept a “_____”, including the NHS

A

welfare state

79
Q

early political party that supported the overthrow of the monarch

A

Whigs

80
Q

David Cameron presented this idea for people to have more say in government

A

Big Society

AP Comp Gov (5 decks)

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