Unit Two: The UK

Question 1

another term for instant runoff voting

Answer 1

alternate voting (av)

Question 2

a series of reductions in public spending, intended to cut welfare and other public institution during coalition

Answer 2

austerity program

Question 3

(in the UK) a Member of Parliament who does not hold office in the government or opposition and who sits behind the front benches in the House of Commons

Answer 3

backbenchers

Question 4

provided for a social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pension, and other benefits.

Answer 4

Beveridge Report

Question 5

Labour PM; charted a course called the “third way” (New Labour); He cut ties with trade unions and focussed more on larger companies

Answer 5

Tony Blair

Question 6

David Cameron presented this idea for people to have more say in government

Answer 6

Big Society

Question 7

The primary station that sought to educate citizens, and was usually respectful of government officials.

Answer 7

BBC

Question 8

Historically the BNP has been overtly anti-Semitic but in recent years it has focused on ousting Muslims from Britain.

Answer 8

British National Party (BNP)

Question 9

Tony Blair’s successor; supported the “third way”

Answer 9

Gordon Brown

Question 10

PM of the Conservatives-LibDems coalition in the 2010 election; supported “Big Society”, one that is energized by grass-root volunteers and private organizations, NOT a “Big Government”

Answer 10

David Cameron

Question 11

meetings of people from the same
area or of like mind

Answer 11

Caucuses

Question 12

(political culture) in Britain was
characterized by trust, deference to authority and competence, pragmatism, and harmony.

Answer 12

“civic culture”

Question 13

called for the nationalization of the “commanding heights” of British industry; providing more industry

Answer 13

Clause 4

Question 14

Liberal-Democratic leader during 2010 coalition

Answer 14

Nick Clegg

Question 15

When there is no clear majority in the House of Commons, this government may form when 2 or more parties combine to take the majority

Answer 15

coalition government

Question 16

to reach a general agreement on something

Answer 16

collective consensus

Question 17

the notion that cabinet members must publicly agree with PM policymaking

Answer 17

collective responsibility

Question 18

a nonprofit organization in the United Kingdom. Its mission is to lobby and act as an advocate for domestic businesses on national and international issues; limit TUC’s
wage demands in exchange for a 3% reduction in income tax rates.

Answer 18

Confederation of Business Industries

Question 19

the main party on the right, but it has prospered partly because it traditionally has been a pragmatic, rather than an ideological party

Answer 19

Conservative Party

Question 20

the “constitution” has evolved over time, with important documents, common law, and customs combining to form what is
often called the

Answer 20

“Constitution of the Crown”

Question 21

differences in cultural identity

Answer 21

cultural heterogeneity

Question 22

The party has been described as right-wing and socially conservative, being anti-abortion and opposing same-sex marriage. The DUP sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and Irish republicanism; the party is Eurosceptic and supported Brexit

Answer 22

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

Question 23

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration

Answer 23

devolution

Question 24

an Act of the Parliament of England that set out certain basic civil rights and clarified who would be next to inherit the Crown. It remains a crucial statute in English constitutional law. The Bill of Rights. Parliament of England.

Answer 24

the English Bill of Rights

Question 25

a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration

Answer 25

Euroskeptics

Question 26

winner takes all (usually ran in district)

Answer 26

"first-past-the-post" voting system

Question 27

introducing fixed-term elections to Parliament. Under the provisions of the Act, parliamentary elections must be held every five years

Answer 27

Fixed-Term Parliaments Act of 2011

Question 28

This bloodless revolution established the constitutional monarchy when William and Mary agreed to written restrictions on their power by signing the Bill of Rights. (parliamentary restrictions)

Answer 28

the Glorius Revolution

Question 29

consists of the PM and his/her cabinet

Answer 29

the "government"

Question 30

a slow change in policies and politics over time

Answer 30

gradualism

Question 31

House of Lords seats earned by birth

Answer 31

hereditary peers

Question 32

gives authority to local governments; in the UK this is Wales, Scotland, etc;

Answer 32

home rule

Question 33

no party in House earns the majority

Answer 33

hung parliament

Question 34

the feeling of separation from the continent of Europe

Answer 34

insularity

Question 35

used guerrilla warfare tactics to convince the British to allow Irish independence. Finally, in 1949, the bulk of Ireland became a totally independent country, and Northern Ireland has remained under British rule, but not without a great deal of conflict between Protestants and Catholics.

Answer 35

Irish Republican Army

Question 36

Margaret Thatcher's nickname

Answer 36

"Iron Lady"

Question 37

support a great deal of government control of the economy, including the nationalization of many major industries.

Answer 37

Keynesianism

Question 38

the largest party on the left; Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, and Ed Miliband

Answer 38

Labour Party

Question 39

members of the House of Lords who were designated as the highest judicial authority in Great Britain to settle disputes from lower courts; later replaced with Supreme Court

Answer 39

law lords

Question 40

Two parties – the Liberals and the Social Democrats – formed an alliance in the 1983 and 1987 elections, and formally merged in 1989, establishing the Liberal Democratic Party. The goal was to establish a strong party in the middle as a compromise to the politics of the two major parties: Thatcher’s extremely conservative leadership and Labour’s leftist views and strategies.

Answer 40

Liberal Democratic Alliance

Question 41

the philosophy that emphasizes political and economic freedoms for the individual and the market.

Answer 41

liberalism

Question 42

people appointed to nonhereditary positions as a result of distinguished service to Britain

Answer 42

life peers

Question 43

the second party behind the majority party; faces the PM and his cabinet

Answer 43

"loyal opposition"

Question 44

King John signed this to put an end to a complete Monarch

Answer 44

Magna Carter

Question 45

Labour party; supported AV

Answer 45

Ed Miliband

Question 46

inflation + unemployment

Answer 46

"misery index"

Question 47

the government directing the economy and nationalizing major industries without giving up basic principles of capitalism, such as private ownership of property

Answer 47

mixed economy

Question 48

Although Britain has a relatively large amount of cultural homogeneity, its boundaries include England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, all of which have been different nations in the past but are united under one government today.

Answer 48

multi-nationalism

Question 49

a democratic form of corporatism which favors economic tripartism, which involves strong labour unions, employers' associations, and governments that cooperated as "social partners" to negotiate and manage a national economy

Answer 49

neo-coropatism

Question 50

a revival of the old political and economic philosophy of liberalism that had guided Britain in earlier years; M Thatcher; Free Market Economy

Answer 50

neo-liberalism

Question 51

duty of the upper class to take care of the Welfare of the lower class

Answer 51

noblesse oblique

Question 52

Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries

Answer 52

OPEC

Question 53

The most important portal to the elite classes is through Oxford and Cambridge Universities, or _____

Answer 53

Oxbridge

Question 54

- Executive = Legislative - PM and his/her cabinet lead - Legislative Body = Parliament - The PM is the leader of majority party - PM chooses cabinet from Parliament - People vote for members of Parliament (They do NOT vote for parties or the PM)

Answer 54

parliamentary system

Question 55

a center-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom

Answer 55

Plaid Cymru

Question 56

also known as first-past-the-post

Answer 56

plurality voting system

Question 57

the tendency to disagree openly and sometimes violently with the government

Answer 57

politics of protest

Question 58

voters cast their ballots for a party rather than for a candidate, and the percentage of votes a party receives determines how many seats the party will gain in the legislature

Answer 58

proportional representation

Question 59

quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations), or policy advisory boards appointed by the government

Answer 59

quangos

Question 60

the PM listens and responds to questions the opposition might have; held every week

Answer 60

Question Time

Question 61

based neither on tradition nor on the force of a single personality, but rather on a system of well-established laws and procedures

Answer 61

rational-legal legitimacy

Question 62

an event in which the people of a county, state, etc., vote for or against a law that deals with a specific issue; a public vote on a particular issue

Answer 62

referendum

Question 63

an electoral district that is regarded as fully secure, for either a particular party or candidate

Answer 63

safe districts

Question 64

Scots still have a strong national identity and tend to think of themselves as being very different from the English. The Scots too have their own national flag, and the Scottish Parliament has recently been revived. In 2015, a vote for Scottish Independence was narrowly defeated.

Answer 64

Scottish Independent Movement

Question 65

the largest party in Scottish National Party that supports Scottish nationalism and independence

Answer 65

Scottish National Party (SNP)

Question 66

the opposition that faces the majority party and the PM with his cabinet

Answer 66

"shadow cabinet"

Question 67

an Irish republican political party dedicated to the reunification of Ireland and an end to British jurisdiction in the north of Ireland

Answer 67

Sinn Fein

Question 68

unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group

Answer 68

solidarity

Question 69

presides over all debates in the House of Commons; supposed to be objective and often is not a member of the majority party

Answer 69

Speaker of the House

Question 70

strict conservatives that want to roll back government controls and move to a fully free market. The members of this wing are often referred to as Euroskeptics because they see the EU’s move toward European integration as a threat to British sovereignty

Answer 70

Thatcherism

Question 71

a centrist political position that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of center-right economic policies with center-left social policies

Answer 71

the third way

Question 72

early political party; supported the king and the monarch

Answer 72

Tories

Question 73

represents a coalition of unions

Answer 73

Trade Union Congress

Question 74

the act of inheriting the power from a predecessor; ex: House of Lords hereditary peers

Answer 74

traditional leadership

Question 75

characterized by political scientists as a right-wing populist party; the major focus was the threat of the EU taking from GB sovereignty

Answer 75

UK Independence Party

Question 76

centralized form of government

Answer 76

unitary government

Question 77

a vote on a key issue. If the issue is not supported, the cabinet by tradition must resign immediately, and elections for new MPs must be held as soon as possible

Answer 77

vote of no confidence

Question 78

Today, noblesse oblige is reflected in the general willingness of the British to accept a "_____", including the NHS

Answer 78

welfare state

Question 79

early political party that supported the overthrow of the monarch

Answer 79

Whigs

Question 80

David Cameron presented this idea for people to have more say in government

Answer 80

Big Society