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AP Comp Gov > Unit Four: China > Flashcards

Unit Four: China Flashcards

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1
Q

Generation after Mao and Deng

A

3rd generation leader

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2
Q

Generation starting from Hu Jinato

A

4th generation leader

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3
Q

an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority

A

autonomous regions

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4
Q

people in positions of authority that are paid by the party or the government

A

cadres

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5
Q

has about 340 members (some of whom are alternates) that meet together annually for
about a week. They carry on the business of the National Party Congress between sessions, although their size and infrequent
meetings limit their policymaking powers. Their meetings are called plenums, and they are important in that they are gatherings of the political elites, and from their midst are chosen the Politburo and the Standing Committee.

A

Central Committee

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6
Q

The military is one important power source in the People’s Republic of China. The military played an essential role in the rise of the Communist Party and it is represented in the government by the _____ .

A

Central Military Commission

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7
Q

ask…

A

Chiang Kai-shek

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8
Q

a political theory associated with communism. More broadly, it is the idea that people should prioritize the good of society over the welfare of the individual.

A

collectivism

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9
Q

The central governing body of China

A

CCP

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10
Q

emphasized the importance of order and harmony encouraged Chinese citizens
to submit to the emperor’s power, and reinforced the emperor’s responsibility to fulfill his duties conscientiously

A

Confucianism

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11
Q

a much more profound reform in that it encompassed political and social change, as well as economic. His main goal was to purify the party and the country through a radical transformation. Important principles were:
* the ethic of struggle
* mass line
* collectivism
* egalitarianism
* unstinting service to society

A

Cultural Revolution

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12
Q

social units usually based on a person’s place of work

A

danwei

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13
Q

political power moving down towards more local/lower levels

A

decentralization

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14
Q

or the communist belief in a small group of leaders who make decisions for the people

A

democratic centralism

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15
Q

“It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice.”; In other words, he didn’t worry too much about whether a policy was capitalist or socialist as long as it improved the economy

A

Deng Xiaoping Theory

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16
Q

supervision from higher bodies in the government and by comparable bodies in the CCP

A

dual role

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17
Q

the early form of leadership in China; power handed down through families

A

dynastic cycles

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18
Q

the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

A

egalitarianism

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19
Q

a grouping of individuals, especially within a political organization, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with a political purpose

A

factions

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20
Q

a condition in which a group, organization, government, etc., is split into two or more smaller groups with differing and often opposing opinions or interests

A

factionalism

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21
Q

a tightening up, loosening up cycle – a waxing and waning of the power of each.

A

fang-shou

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22
Q

the large population of rural citizens in urban areas in China

A

floating population

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23
Q

this is the nickname the CCP once gave any countries who asked for a trade or help in any aspect in governing

A

foreign devils

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24
Q

industry, agriculture, science, and the
military

A

Four Modernization

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25
Q

a compromise between socialist planning and free enterprise, in which enterprises are publicly owned but production and consumption are guided by market forces rather than by government planning

A

free market socialism

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26
Q

a radical group that wanted to keep ways of the Mao regime, unlike Deng

A

“Gang of Four”

27
Q

personal connections

A

guanxi

28
Q

Mao changed directions in 1958, partly in an effort to free China from Soviet domination; principles included all-around development, mass mobilization, political unanimity and zeal, decentralization

A

Great Leap Forward

29
Q

the ethnic group that is 92%

A

Han Chinese

30
Q

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others

A

hegemony

31
Q

In this system, individual families take full charge of the production and marketing of crops. After paying government taxes and contract fees to the villages, families may consume or sell what they produce.

A

household responsibility system

32
Q

China’s traditional household registration system that makes it difficult to move from one place to another

A

hukou

33
Q

China’s form of welfare that gave all citizens employment opportunity

A

iron rice bowl

34
Q

He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Xi Jinping.

A

Jiang Zemin

35
Q

cross-country trek led by Mao Zedong as Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist army
pursued his communist followers

A

The Long March

36
Q

the right to rule as seen by the collective
ancestral wisdom that guided the empire from the heavens above

A

mandate of heaven

37
Q
  • Iron Rice Bowl
  • Communes
  • Education is limited to elementary school
  • No private property allowed
  • Egalitarianism
  • Believed Communist Party leadership should not be challenged
A

Mao Zedong

38
Q

Much like Leninism, but encouraged the voice of the people through the mass line

A

Maoism

39
Q

process in which the government was connected to the peasants

A

mass line

40
Q

an effort to turn sheer numbers of people
into an asset – better motivation, harder, work, less unemployment

A

mass mobilization

41
Q

Since ancient times, the Chinese have referred to their country as zhongguo, meaning “_____”, or the place that is the center of civilization

A

Middle Kingdom

42
Q

the lowest body of CCP; rubber stamps policies

A

Nationalist Party Congress

43
Q

a program to lift the lagging rural economy in 2006

A

“a new socialist countryside”

44
Q

a system of choosing cadres from lower levels of the party hierarchy for advancement based on their loyalty and contributions to the well-being of the party

A

nomenklatura

45
Q

not allowed in China until the 1990s; some examples include environmental and ping-pong groups

A

NGOs

46
Q

Under this policy, Hong Kong is subject to Chinese rule but continues to enjoy “a high degree of autonomy,” meaning that it maintains its capitalist system, legal system, and ways of life.

A

one country, two systems

47
Q

the political structure of China made up of the CCP, the state, and the PLA

A

parallel hierarchies

48
Q

officials who investigate and prosecute official crimes were recreated from earlier days, and they have played a role in Hu Jintao’s crackdown on corruption within the Communist Party

A

procuratorate

49
Q

made up of more than 2.3 million; 10 of 12 leaders are official officers while the other 2 are the president and vice president

A

People’s Liberation Army

50
Q

legislative branch in China

A

People’s National Congress

51
Q

Central Committee meetings are called _____; the gathering of the political elites, and from their midst are chosen the Politburo and the Standing Committee

A

plenums

52
Q

25 members and right below the Standing Committee in terms of power

A

Politburo

53
Q

made up of 7 - They meet in secret, and their membership reflects the balance of power among factions and the relative influence of different groups in policymaking.

A

Standing Committee

54
Q

It included urban co-ops, service organizations, and rural industries that largely operate as capitalist enterprises. Today this system of state-controlled
private businesses is sometimes called “bamboo capitalism.”

A

“private business”

55
Q

Instead of relying on the elite to give directions, people under Maoist rule were encouraged to rely on their own talents to contribute to their communities

A

self-reliance

56
Q

the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People’s Republic of China. The system is a market economy with the predominance of public ownership and state-owned enterprises.

A

socialist market economy

57
Q

In these regions, foreign investors were given preferential tax rates and other incentives.

A

Special economic Zones (SEZs)

58
Q

when the state controls the interest groups

A

state corporatism

59
Q

early Nationalist Party leader in China that would have been a great leader, but was defeated by Mao and the CCP

A

Sun Yat-sen

60
Q

people with technical training who climbed the ladder of the party bureaucracy, led the party to increasingly

A

technocrats

61
Q

rural factories and businesses that vary greatly in size, and are run by local government and private entrepreneurs

A

township and village enterprises (TVEs)

62
Q

phrase related to the PRC and Taiwan

A

“Two Chinas”

63
Q

…began with protesters demanding greater citizen input in elections than Beijing would allow

A

“Umbrella Revolution”

64
Q

new CCP members are usually recruited from this large group

A

Youth League

AP Comp Gov (5 decks)

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