Unit Four: China Flashcards by Miles Babin

Generation after Mao and Deng

3rd generation leader

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Generation starting from Hu Jinato

4th generation leader

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an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority

autonomous regions

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people in positions of authority that are paid by the party or the government

cadres

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has about 340 members (some of whom are alternates) that meet together annually for
about a week. They carry on the business of the National Party Congress between sessions, although their size and infrequent
meetings limit their policymaking powers. Their meetings are called plenums, and they are important in that they are gatherings of the political elites, and from their midst are chosen the Politburo and the Standing Committee.

Central Committee

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The military is one important power source in the People’s Republic of China. The military played an essential role in the rise of the Communist Party and it is represented in the government by the _____ .

Central Military Commission

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ask…

Chiang Kai-shek

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a political theory associated with communism. More broadly, it is the idea that people should prioritize the good of society over the welfare of the individual.

collectivism

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The central governing body of China

CCP

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emphasized the importance of order and harmony encouraged Chinese citizens
to submit to the emperor’s power, and reinforced the emperor’s responsibility to fulfill his duties conscientiously

Confucianism

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a much more profound reform in that it encompassed political and social change, as well as economic. His main goal was to purify the party and the country through a radical transformation. Important principles were:
* the ethic of struggle
* mass line
* collectivism
* egalitarianism
* unstinting service to society

Cultural Revolution

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social units usually based on a person’s place of work

danwei

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political power moving down towards more local/lower levels

decentralization

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or the communist belief in a small group of leaders who make decisions for the people

democratic centralism

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“It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice.”; In other words, he didn’t worry too much about whether a policy was capitalist or socialist as long as it improved the economy

Deng Xiaoping Theory

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supervision from higher bodies in the government and by comparable bodies in the CCP

dual role

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the early form of leadership in China; power handed down through families

dynastic cycles

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the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

egalitarianism

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a grouping of individuals, especially within a political organization, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with a political purpose

factions

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a condition in which a group, organization, government, etc., is split into two or more smaller groups with differing and often opposing opinions or interests

factionalism

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a tightening up, loosening up cycle – a waxing and waning of the power of each.

fang-shou

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the large population of rural citizens in urban areas in China

floating population

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this is the nickname the CCP once gave any countries who asked for a trade or help in any aspect in governing

foreign devils

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industry, agriculture, science, and the
military

Four Modernization

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a compromise between socialist planning and free enterprise, in which enterprises are publicly owned but production and consumption are guided by market forces rather than by government planning

free market socialism

a radical group that wanted to keep ways of the Mao regime, unlike Deng

"Gang of Four"

personal connections

guanxi

Mao changed directions in 1958, partly in an effort to free China from Soviet domination; principles included all-around development, mass mobilization, political unanimity and zeal, decentralization

Great Leap Forward

the ethnic group that is 92%

Han Chinese

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others

hegemony

In this system, individual families take full charge of the production and marketing of crops. After paying government taxes and contract fees to the villages, families may consume or sell what they produce.

household responsibility system

China’s traditional household registration system that makes it difficult to move from one place to another

hukou

China's form of welfare that gave all citizens employment opportunity

iron rice bowl

He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Xi Jinping.

Jiang Zemin

cross-country trek led by Mao Zedong as Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist army pursued his communist followers

The Long March

the right to rule as seen by the collective ancestral wisdom that guided the empire from the heavens above

mandate of heaven

- Iron Rice Bowl - Communes - Education is limited to elementary school - No private property allowed - Egalitarianism - Believed Communist Party leadership should not be challenged

Mao Zedong

Much like Leninism, but encouraged the voice of the people through the mass line

Maoism

process in which the government was connected to the peasants

mass line

an effort to turn sheer numbers of people into an asset – better motivation, harder, work, less unemployment

mass mobilization

Since ancient times, the Chinese have referred to their country as zhongguo, meaning “_____”, or the place that is the center of civilization

Middle Kingdom

the lowest body of CCP; rubber stamps policies

Nationalist Party Congress

a program to lift the lagging rural economy in 2006

"a new socialist countryside"

a system of choosing cadres from lower levels of the party hierarchy for advancement based on their loyalty and contributions to the well-being of the party

nomenklatura

not allowed in China until the 1990s; some examples include environmental and ping-pong groups

NGOs

Under this policy, Hong Kong is subject to Chinese rule but continues to enjoy “a high degree of autonomy,” meaning that it maintains its capitalist system, legal system, and ways of life.

one country, two systems

the political structure of China made up of the CCP, the state, and the PLA

parallel hierarchies

officials who investigate and prosecute official crimes were recreated from earlier days, and they have played a role in Hu Jintao’s crackdown on corruption within the Communist Party

procuratorate

made up of more than 2.3 million; 10 of 12 leaders are official officers while the other 2 are the president and vice president

People's Liberation Army

legislative branch in China

People's National Congress

Central Committee meetings are called _____; the gathering of the political elites, and from their midst are chosen the Politburo and the Standing Committee

plenums

25 members and right below the Standing Committee in terms of power

Politburo

made up of 7 - They meet in secret, and their membership reflects the balance of power among factions and the relative influence of different groups in policymaking.

Standing Committee

It included urban co-ops, service organizations, and rural industries that largely operate as capitalist enterprises. Today this system of state-controlled private businesses is sometimes called “bamboo capitalism.”

"private business"

Instead of relying on the elite to give directions, people under Maoist rule were encouraged to rely on their own talents to contribute to their communities

self-reliance

the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China. The system is a market economy with the predominance of public ownership and state-owned enterprises.

socialist market economy

In these regions, foreign investors were given preferential tax rates and other incentives.

Special economic Zones (SEZs)

when the state controls the interest groups

state corporatism

early Nationalist Party leader in China that would have been a great leader, but was defeated by Mao and the CCP

Sun Yat-sen

people with technical training who climbed the ladder of the party bureaucracy, led the party to increasingly

technocrats

rural factories and businesses that vary greatly in size, and are run by local government and private entrepreneurs

township and village enterprises (TVEs)

phrase related to the PRC and Taiwan

"Two Chinas"

...began with protesters demanding greater citizen input in elections than Beijing would allow

"Umbrella Revolution"

new CCP members are usually recruited from this large group

Youth League