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psyc 2330 > unit two social psych > Flashcards

unit two social psych Flashcards

1
Q

Attitudes

A

Positive or negative evaluations of objects that occur automatically

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2
Q

Explicit attitude

A

Consciously held and deliberate evaluation

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3
Q

Implicit attitude

A

Activated automatically from memory without conscious awareness

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4
Q

Dual attitude

A

When implicit and explicit attitudes contradict each other

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5
Q

Reference group

A

Group to which we orient ourselves and use its standards to judge ourselves and the world

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6
Q

Mere exposure

A

Repeated exposure leading to positive attitudes

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7
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Neutral stimulus paired with an object that evokes an attitude response

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8
Q

Subliminal conditioning

A

Process of classical conditioning below the level of conscious awareness

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9
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Shaping attitudes through reinforcement and punishment

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10
Q

Nonverbal behavior

A

Facial feedback effect, body posture, and motion shaping attitudes

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11
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Discomfort caused when behavior is inconsistent with attitudes

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12
Q

Insufficient justification

A

Weak reason for behaving inconsistently

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13
Q

Freedom of choice

A

Inconsistent behavior was freely chosen

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14
Q

Justification of effort

A

Costly choice that turns out to be wrong

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15
Q

Immoral behavior

A

Motivation to appear moral while avoiding the cost of being moral

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16
Q

Post-decision dissonance

A

Interpreting information to assure ourselves that we chose correctly

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17
Q

Self-perception theory

A

infer attitudes from behavior, especially when attitudes are weak and behavior is freely chosen

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18
Q

Persuasion

A

Consciously attempting to change attitudes through message transmission

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19
Q

Elaboration-likelihood model

A

Predicts when a person will carefully consider a message or rely on less effortful thinking

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20
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

When people are motivated and able to attend carefully to a message

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21
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

When people are unwilling or unable to analyze message content, relying on heuristics or irrelevant cues

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22
Q

Persuader credibility

A

Affects persuasion, sleeper effect from low-credibility sources- delayed effectiveness of the message

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23
Q

Feelings-as-information approach

A

Positive mood signals that things are fine, making us more susceptible to persuasion

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24
Q

Hedonic-contingency view

A

Greater elaboration when the message is uplifting or doesn’t threaten positive mood

25
Q

Fear appeals

A

Effective when providing clear actions to avoid the feared outcome

26
Q

Humor

A

Relevant humor increases elaboration of the message

27
Q

Inoculation

A

Presenting weak versions of counterarguments to strengthen resistance

28
Q

Social influence

A

Exercise of social power to change attitudes or behavior of others

29
Q

Conformity

A

Yielding to group pressure by copying behavior and beliefs of others- sherif w/ ambiguous reality ashe with confederates

30
Q

Compliance

A

Publicly acting in accord with a direct request
external- acting in accord but not agreeing in private
internal- both acting and agreeing

31
Q

Obedience

A

Performance of an action in response to a direct order, milligan

32
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

Belief that others interpret a situation in a given way, even when they do not

33
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conforming to gain rewards or avoid punishments

34
Q

Informational social influence

A

Looking to others for accurate information

35
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

Expectation to return a favor or good deed

36
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

Securing compliance with a small request followed by a larger one

37
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

Making a large request followed by a less costly one

38
Q

That’s-not-all

A

Making a large request and immediately following with a discount or bonus

39
Q

Low-balling

A

Securing agreement with a request by understating its true cost

40
Q

Group behavior

A

Several interdependent people with emotional ties and regular interaction

41
Q

Task-oriented groups

A

Joining to achieve certain goals that cannot be attained alone

42
Q

Socioemotional groups

A

Joining to satisfy affiliative motives for approval, belonging, etc.

43
Q

Group membership

A

Five phases: Investigation, socialization, maintenance, resocialization, remembrance

44
Q

Status systems

A

Reflect the distribution of power among group members

45
Q

Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRGing)

A

Identification with a group when it succeeds

46
Q

Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORFing)

A

Psychological distancing from a group when it fails

47
Q

Social cohesiveness

A

As it increases, people think, feel, and act more like group members

48
Q

Social facilitation

A

Enhancement of dominant responses due to the presence of others, mere presence, evaluation apprehension, distraction conflict

49
Q

Social loafing

A

Reduction in individual output when efforts are pooled and cannot be individually judged

50
Q

Deindividuation

A

Lack of self-awareness that encourages conformity to group norms

51
Q

Group decision-making

A

Phases: orientation, discussion, decision, implementation

52
Q

Group polarization

A

Groups enhance or exaggerate initial opinions of members

53
Q

Groupthink

A

Deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment in a group

54
Q

Task leadership

A

Accomplishing the goals of the group

55
Q

Socio-emotional leadership

A

Attention to emotional and interpersonal aspects of group interaction

56
Q

Flexible leadership style

A

Knowing when to be task-oriented and when to be emotionally supportive

57
Q

Contingency model of leadership

A

Leadership effectiveness depends on task-oriented or relationship-oriented style and situational control

58
Q

Authoritarian leader

A

Dictates group policies and controls all activities without meaningful participation

psyc 2330 (4 decks)

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