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psyc 2330 > unit one social psych > Flashcards

unit one social psych Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

not just common sense, study of how social reality is created and recreated

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2
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Expectations lead to fulfillment of those expectations

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3
Q

Psychological Social Psychology

A

Focus on individuals and how they respond to social stimuli

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4
Q

Sociological Social Psychology

A

Focus on larger groups and societal variables

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5
Q

the self

A

shaped by and shapes the social environment

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6
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

Tendency to take credit for positive outcomes but deny responsibility for negative outcomes

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7
Q

Interactionism

A

Behavior is influenced by both personal and situational factors

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8
Q

Hot Cognitive Processes

A

Impulsive, automatic, and desire-fulfilling behavior

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9
Q

Cold Cognitive Processes

A

Calculated, planned, and deliberate behavior

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10
Q

Dual Process Theory (parallel processing system)

A

Two modes of information processing: effortful and reflective thinking, and minimal cognitive behavior

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11
Q

Explicit Cognition

A

Deliberate judgments

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12
Q

Implicit Cognition

A

Automatically activated evaluations occurring without conscious awareness

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13
Q

Culture

A

Shapes social behavior; individualism and collectivism are two main cultural worldviews

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14
Q

Evolution

A

Shapes universal patterns of social behavior; behaviors can be shaped by inherited traits

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15
Q

Sex

A

Biological status of being female or male as assigned at birth

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16
Q

Gender

A

Meanings attached to being female or male in a cultural context

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17
Q

Brain Activity

A

Affects and is affected by social behavior; studied in social neuroscience

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18
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Studies ways to enrich human experience and maximize human functioning; study what makes people happy

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19
Q

Scientific Method

A

Set of procedures used to gather, analyze, and interpret information in a way that reduces error; is self-correcting, never has a final truth

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20
Q

Basic Research

A

Goal is to increase knowledge for the sake of gaining new knowledge

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21
Q

Applied Research

A

Goal is to increase solutions to real-world problems using current knowledge

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22
Q

Theory

A

Organized system of ideas that seeks to explain how two or more events are related

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23
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction about the nature of things based upon a theory; called an educated guess

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24
Q

Observational Research

A

Describes behavior without manipulating it

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25
Correlational Research
Assesses relationships between naturally occurring variables
26
Experimental Research
Determines cause-effect relationships between variables
27
Operational Definitions
Clear descriptions of how variables are measured or manipulated
28
Informed Consent
Procedure by which people freely choose to participate in a study after being told about the activities
29
Debriefing
Procedure at the conclusion of a research session where participants are given full information about the study
30
Descriptive Statistics
Summarize and describe a sample's behavior or characteristics
31
Inferential Statistics
Estimate likelihood of finding the same effect if the entire population was studied
32
Observational Research
Describes behavior in its natural environment w/o manipulation; three forms- naturalistic observation, participant observation, and archival research
33
Correlation research
Describes direction and strength of the relationship between two variables, surveys used to determine correlation, correlation does not equal causation
34
Experimental Research
Determines cause-effect relationships by manipulating variables in a controlled environment
35
Self-Concept
Sum total of a person's thoughts and feelings that define the self as an object
36
Self-Awareness
Psychological state in which attention is focused on the self private- awareness of hidden or private values public- awareness of public self aspects
37
self-conciousness
the habitual tendency to engage in self-awareness
38
Self-Regulation
Process of controlling and directing one's own actions (self's most important function)
39
social identities
aspects of a person's self-concept based on his or her group memberships
40
Self-Presentation
Process of constructing and presenting the self to others in order to achieve goals
41
Self-Handicapping
Placing obstacles in the way of one's own performance to protect or enhance the self-concept
42
Self-Esteem
Evaluation of one's self-concept
43
Automatic Thinking
Quick, unconscious mental processes that help make sense of social information
44
Categorization
Process of grouping similar experiences to generalize, helps to deal with large amounts of information
45
prototype
a "typical" member of the category
46
Schema
Organized structure of knowledge about a stimulus or a theory about how the social world operates
47
Script
organized structure of knowledge about a stimulus, theory about how the social world operates, affect what we notice and remember
48
Priming
Process by which recent exposure to certain stimuli makes certain memories, categories, or schemas more accessible
49
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts that allow for quick social judgments
50
Representativeness Heuristic
Judging category membership based on how closely someone matches the prototype
51
Availability Heuristic
Judging frequency or probability based on how easily examples come to mind
52
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Over-relying on an initial anchor point when estimating an unknown quantity
53
Deliberate Thinking
Thoughtful, conscious mental processes that help make sense of past events
54
Hindsight Bias
Tendency to overestimate our ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events
55
Counterfactual Thinking
Evaluating events by imagining alternative versions or outcomes; helps to deal with negative unexpected events
56
Person Perception
Process of trying to detect other people's temporary states, nonverbal behavior shapes our impressions of others
57
Implicit Personality Theories
Schemas about how personality traits fit together
58
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to seek information that confirms our beliefs and ignore disconfirming information
59
Attribution
Inference about the cause of a behavior or event
60
Covariation Model
Attributions based on consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of behavior
61
Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to underestimate the role of the situation and overestimate the role of disposition in explaining behavior
62
Actor-Observer Effect
Tendency to attribute own behavior to external causes and others' behavior to internal causes
63
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
Habitual tendency to attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global causes
64
Optimistic Explanatory Style
Habitual tendency to attribute negative events to external, unstable, and specific causes

psyc 2330 (4 decks)

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