Unit two: Biodiversity

Question 1

Species evenness

Answer 1

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

The diversity of life forms in an environment

Question 3

Genetic diversity

Answer 3

A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

Question 4

Population bottleneck

Answer 4

When a large population declines in a number, the amount of genetic diversity carried by the surviving individuals is greatly reduced

Question 5

Species diversity

Answer 5

The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem

Question 6

Habitat diversity

Answer 6

The variety of habitats that exist in a given ecosystem

Question 7

Specialists Species

Answer 7

that only live under a narrow range of biotic or abiotic conditions

Question 8

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 8

The variety of ecosystems that exist in a given region

Question 9

Generalists species

Answer 9

can live under a wide range of biotic or abiotic conditions

Question 10

Species richness

Answer 10

The number of different
species in given area

Question 11

Ecosystem services

Answer 11

The processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timer, fisheries and agricultural crops are produced

Question 12

Provision

Answer 12

A good produced by an ecosystem that humans can use directly

Question 13

Aquaculture

Answer 13

The farming, fish, shellfish, and seaweed

Question 14

Island biogeography

Answer 14

the study of how species are distributed and interacting on islands

Question 15

Species- area curve

Answer 15

a description of how the number of species on an island increased with the area of the island

Question 16

Ecological tolerance

Answer 16

The suit of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow and reproduce. Also Known as fundamental niche.

Question 17

Realized niche

Answer 17

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives

Question 18

Geographic range

Answer 18

Areas of the world in which a species lives

Question 19

Mass extinction

Answer 19

A large number of species that went extinct over a relatively short period of time

Question 20

Periodic disruption

Answer 20

occurring regularly, such s the cycles of day and night or the daily and monthly cycles of the moon’s effect on ocean tides

Question 21

Episodic disruption

Answer 21

Occurring somewhat regularly, such as cycles of high rain and low rain that occur every 5 to 10 years.

Question 22

Random disruption

Answer 22

Occurring with no regular pattern, such as volcanic eruptions or hurricanes.

Question 23

Resistance

Answer 23

In an ecosystem, a measure of how much a disruption can affect the flows of energy and matter.

Question 24

Resilience

Answer 24

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disruption.

Question 25

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 25

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance will favor a higher level of diversity of species than those with high or low disturbance levels.

Question 26

Evolution

Answer 26

a change in the genetic composition of a population over time

Question 27

Microevolution

Answer 27

Evolution at the population level

Question 28

Evolution by artificial selection

Answer 28

The process in which humans determine which individuals to breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

Question 29

Evolution by natural selection

Answer 29

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.

Question 30

Fitness

Answer 30

An individuals ability to survive and reproduce

Question 31

Adaptation

Answer 31

A trait that improves and individuals fitness

Question 32

Evolution by random processes

Answer 32

The processes that alter the genetic composition of a population over time, but the changes are not related to differences in fitness among individuals.

Question 33

Allopatric speciation

Answer 33

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

Question 34

Sympatric speciation

Answer 34

The evolution of one species into two species, without any geographic isolation

Question 35

Genetically modified organism

Answer 35

An organism produced by copying genes from a species with some desirable trait and inserting them into other species of plants, animals, or microbes.

Question 36

Ecological succession

Answer 36

The predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time.

Question 37

Primary succession

Answer 37

Ecological succession occurring on surfaces with bare rock and no soil.

Question 38

Secondary succession

Answer 38

The succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil

Question 38

Pioneer species

Answer 38

In primary succession, species that can survive with little or no soil

Question 39

Climax community

Answer 39

Historically described as the final stage of succession

Question 40

Keystone species

Answer 40

A species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community.

Question 41

Indicator species

Answer 41

A species that demonstrates a particular characteristic of an ecosystem

Question 42

Endemic species

Answer 42

Species that live in a very small area of the world and nowhere else, often in isolated locations such as the Hawaiian Islands

Question 43

Biodiversity hotspots

Answer 43

Isolated areas that are home to so many endemic species, that they contain a high proportion of all the species found on Earth.

Question 44

3 forms of biodiversity

Answer 44

Ecosystem, species, genetic