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Psychology 1010 > Unit Three Test > Flashcards

Unit Three Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

a process that guides behavior toward a goal, and despites once the goal is reached

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2
Q

Intrinsic Rewards

A

rewards that are inherent in an activity ex) pride in a job well done, fun of a sport

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3
Q

Extrinsic Rewards

A

rewards that are external to a task ex) money,praise

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4
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

the brake pedal. If it is electrically stimulated, eating and drinking are suppressed. If it is destroyed, rats overeat

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5
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

the gas pedal. If it is electrically stimulated rates will overeat and become grossly overweight. If it is destroyed, rat eat and drink very little

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6
Q

Glucose

A

simple sugar that enters the blood during digestion

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7
Q

Insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas that assists with transfer of glucose from the blood into cells

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8
Q

Leptin

A

a hormone secreted from well-nourished fat cells that increases metabolism and decreases eating

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9
Q

Gherlin

A

a hormone released by the gastontesinal system when the stomach is empty

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10
Q

Oreins

A

hormone also involved with sleep that leads to increased appetite

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11
Q

Satiety

A

feeling full. We feel full long before nutrients their destination

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12
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

hormone released by the digestive system due to food ingestion

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13
Q

Bisphenol A (BPA)

A

a compound used to make plastics and epoxy resin

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14
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

eating disorder characterized by binge eating then purging by vomiting or use of laxatives

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15
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone that facilitates bonding (expressed more by females)

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16
Q

Vasopressin

A

hormone that facilitates bonding primarily in males. Released during orgasm

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17
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

stable pattern of attraction to a particular sex (behavior not implied)

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18
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

A

results in excessive release of male hormones before birth

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19
Q

Emotion

A

automatic responses to situations

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20
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

process negative emotion, and processes emotion faster and more accurately than the left

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21
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

processes positive emotions

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22
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

ability to perceive and understand emotions in others

23
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

states that a stimulus leads to a physiological response. We then interpret the physiological response as an emotion

24
Q

Catharsis

A

the idea that expressing an emotion can help ‘let out’ that emotion thus reducing it

25
Q

Cannon-Board Theory of Emotion

A

Physical sensations and subjects feelings occur simultaneously and independently

26
Q

Instincts

A

stereotyped behaviors that occur in all members of a species without practice

27
Q

Fixed Action Patterns

A

sequence of instinctive behaviors that once started continues to completion

28
Q

Hibiuatiation

A

decreased responding to a stimulus presented repeatedly

29
Q

Sensitization

A

increased responding to a stimulus, that can also generalize to other stimuli

30
Q

Classical Conditioning (aka favlovian conditioning)

A

learning process that occurs when a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with a biologically relevant stimulus

31
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A

elitis on unconditioned response without prior training. automatic, reflexive response to biologically important things

32
Q

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A

elicited by unconditional stimulus. Does not require learning and is usually important to survival/reproduction

33
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

a previously, neutral stimulus that comes to evoke a response after it becomes associated with the U.S. (learning required)

34
Q

Conditioned Response

A

elicited by conditioned stimulus after a number of pairings of CS and US. Requires learning

35
Q

Acquisition

A

the process of obtaining a conditioned (flavolian) response through repeated pairings of a CS with a US

36
Q

Contiquity

A

how close in time or space two events happen

37
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

a treatment for feared stimuli, where the stimulus is imagined or encountered while performing relaxation exercise

38
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

the strength of a behavior increases or decreases depending on its consequences

39
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

something is added, and behavior is strengthened

40
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

something is removed, and behavior is strengthened

41
Q

Postitive Punishment

A

something is added, and behavior is weakened

42
Q

Negative Punishment

A

something is removed and behavior is weakened

43
Q

Primary Reinforces or Punishes

A

things that an individual naturally likes or dislikes, without learning

44
Q

Secondary Reinforcers or Punishes

A

things we come to like or dislike because they’ve become associated with primary reinforces or punishes

45
Q

Premack Principle

A

individuals naturally prefer certain activities/things over others

46
Q

Interval Schedule

A

a behavior is reinforced every time is occurs

47
Q

Partial Reinforcement

A

reinforcement happens sometimes this behavior occurs, but not all times

48
Q

Ratio Schedules

A

reinforcement occurs every ‘X’ time on average the behavior occurs

49
Q

Fixed Interval Schedules (FR)

A

reinforcement occurs every ‘X’ time the behavior occurs on average

50
Q

Chaining

A

putting together groups of already-shaped behaviors can lead to long sequences of behavior

51
Q

Latent

A

learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcent

52
Q

Instinctive Drift

A

when an organism reverts to ‘inactive behaviors’ over learned behaviors

53
Q

Observational Learning

A

learning by watching others

Psychology 1010 (4 decks)

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