Unit three JT Flashcards
What does Avogadro’s number represent
The number of particles in a mole
Nitric acid
HNO3
Sulfuric acid
H2SO3
Hydrochloric acid
HCL
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
What do acids release when added to water
H+ ions
Definition of an acid (1)
A proton donor
Definition of an acid (2)
A substance with a pH of 1-6 that provides H+ ions
Common metal oxides
MgO, CuO
Common metal hydroxides
NaOH, Mg(OH)2, KOH
Common metal carbonates
CaCO3, CuCO3
Ammonia and amines
NH3, CH3NH2
Definition of a base (1)
A proton acceptor
Definition of a base (2)
Any substance with a pH of 8-14 that provides OH- ions
Alkali definition
Soluble bases
Sodium hydroxide (common alkali)
NaOH
Potassium hydroxide (common alkali)
KOH
Ammonia (common alkali)
NH3
What do alkalis release into a solution
OH- ions
Ionic equation for ammonia in water
NH3 + H20 ⇌ NH4+ +OH-
What is an amphoteric substance
A substance that can behave as both an acid and a base
How are amino acids amphoteric substances
They have a carboxyl group that is able to donate a proton and an amino group that is able to accept a proton
NH3-CH2-COOH
OH- + H+ =
H20
metal + acid =
salt + hydrogen
metal hnydroxide/oxide + acid =
salt + water
metal carbonate + acid =
salt + carbon dioxide + water
ammonia + acid =
ammonium salt
What salt does hydrochloric acid make
Chlorides
What salt does sulfuric acid make
Sulfates
What salt does nitric acid make
Nitrates
What salt does ethanoic acid make
Ethanoates
Zinc + hydrochloric acid
Zinc chloride + water
Sodium Hydroxide + sulfuric acid
Sodium hydrogen sulfate + water
Calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid
Calcium Chloride + water
Calcium carbonate + nitric acid
Calcium nitrate + carbon dioxide + water
Ammonia + sulfuric acid
Ammonium sulfate
