Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 12 Take 1 Chem > Unit seven JCL > Flashcards

Unit seven JCL Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

carbon bond angle (tetrahedral)

A

109.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

Hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

A

The carbon atoms are joined by straight or branched chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alicyclic Hydrocarbon

A

A sub-group of aliphatic hydrocarbons, carbon atoms are joined in a ring structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

A

Contains a benzene ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functional group definition

A

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homologous series definition

A

A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Empirical formula definition

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compounds eg CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Molecular formula definition

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General formula definition

A

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series, ie for an alkane CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structural formula definition

A

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Displayed formula definition

A

The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between then, all bonds shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Skeletal formula definition

A

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrocarbon atoms from alkyl chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Molecular formula of methane

A

CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Molecular formula of ethane

A

C2H6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Molecular formula of propane

A

C3H8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Molecular formula of butane

A

C4H10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Molecular formula of pentane

A

C5H12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Molecular formula of hexane

A

C6H14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isomer definition

A

Isomerism is where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of their atoms. Isomers have different physical and chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structural isomer definition

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural arrangement of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chain isomerism definition

A

The carbon chain of molecules with the same molecular formula can vary causing isomerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Positional isomerism definition

A

Functional groups can be in different positions on the carbon chain causing isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional group isomerism definition

A

Compounds with the same molecular formulae can contain different functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Homolytic fission definition

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming 2 radicals

26
Q

Heterolytic fission definition

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms forming a cation (positive ion) and an anion (negative ion)

27
Q

Radical definition

A

A highly reactive species due to it having an unpaired electron

28
Q

What does the base of a curly arrow show

A

The origin of the electron(s)

29
Q

What does the head of a curly arrow show

A

The destination of the electron(s)

30
Q

Nucleophile definition

A

An electron pair donor

31
Q

Electrophile definition

A

An electron pair acceptor

32
Q

Alkenes suffix/prefix

A

suffix -ene

33
Q

Alcohols suffix/prefix

A

suffix* -ol

prefix hydroxy-

34
Q

Haloalkanes suffix/prefix

A

prefix Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
Fluoro-

35
Q

Aldehydes suffix/prefix

A

suffix -al

36
Q

Ketones suffix/prefix

A

suffix* -one

prefix oxo-

37
Q

Carboxylic acids suffix/prefix

A

suffix -oic acid

38
Q

Nitriles suffix/prefix

A

suffix -nitrile

39
Q

Amines suffix/prefix

A

suffix* -amine

prefix amino-

40
Q

Esters suffix/prefix

A

suffix -oate

41
Q

Amide suffix/prefix

A

suffix -amide

42
Q

Acyl chloride suffix/prefix

A

suffix -oyl chloride

43
Q

Acid anhydride suffix/prefix

A

suffix -oyl anhydride

44
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

45
Q

Substitution reaction

A

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms

46
Q

Elimination reaction

A

The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

47
Q

Alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

48
Q

Why do alkanes have an angle of 109.5 between bonds

A

Electron Pair Repulsion theory

VSEPR theory

49
Q

What is the trend in boiling point of straight chain alkanes

A

The longer the carbon chain, the higher the boiling point

chain length increases -> increased surface area between molecules -> strength of London forces increases

50
Q

What is the trend in boiling point of branched alkanes

A

The more branches in the carbon chain, the lower the boiling point

(branching increases -> decreased surface area between molecules -> strength of London forces decreases)

51
Q

What does a double-headed curly arrow represent

A

movement of a pair of electrons

52
Q

Are alkanes reactive

A

quite unreactive, c-c and c-h bonds are very strong, c-c bonds are non-polar and c-h bonds are practically non-polar because of similarity in electronegativity

53
Q

Free radical substitution steps

A

Initiation, Propagation, Termination

54
Q

What type of molecule can be produced from alkanes through free radical substitution

A

Haloalkanes

55
Q

How is a free radical produced

A

UV light causes homolytic fission

56
Q

What happens to covalent bonds in diatomic halogen molecules in the presence of UV light

A

In the presence of UV light, the covalent bonds in diatomic halogen molecules will break, allowing a reaction with an alkane

57
Q

What happens in the initiation step

A

UV light is used to split the bond in a diatomic halogen molecule (e.g. Cl2). The bond splits by homolytic fission. Two halide radicals are produced (e.g. Cl•)

58
Q

What happens in the first propagation step

A

The halide radical (Cl•) that is produced in the initiation step reacts with an alkane (e.g. methane) to produce a hydrogen halide (e.g. HCl) and an organic radical (e.g. •CH3)

59
Q

What happens in the second propagation step

A

The organic radical (e.g. •CH3) produced in the first propagation step reacts with a halogen molecule (e.g. Cl2). The result of the second propagation step is a haloalkane (e.g. CH3Cl) and the halide radical (e.g. Cl•) that was produced in the initiation step is reformed

60
Q

What happens in the termination step

A

Two radicals react together to produce a stable molecule i.e. something that is not a radical. There can be several different termination steps as any two radicals can randomly react together to produce a stable molecule

Year 12 Take 1 Chem (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions