Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 12 Take 1 Chem > Unit eight JCL > Flashcards

Unit eight JCL Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

how is a sigma bond formed

A

directly between two carbon atoms by the direct overlap of p orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is a pi bond formed

A

a pi bond is formed above and below the plane of carbon atoms by the sideways overlap of p orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is a pi bond easier to break than a sigma bond

A

a pi bond is more likely to break as it has a lower bond enthalpy compared to sigma bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are alkenes insoluble in water

A

alkenes are non-polar and water is polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why do alkene boiling points increase with chain length

A

chain length increases –> more points of contact –> more induced dipole-dipole interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define the term unsaturated

A

having carbon–carbon double or triple bonds and therefore not containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the strongest intermolecular forces experienced by alkenes

A

induced dipole-dipole interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

general formula for an alkene

A

CnC2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what shape and bond angle do alkenes have around the C=C bond

A

120

trigonal planar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if an alkene has only one C=C bond, what shape and bond angle do the other carbons have along the chain

A

109.5

tetrahedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

isomerism definition

A

isomerism is where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two types of isomerism

A

stereoisomerism and structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is stereoisomerism

A

stereoisomerism occurs in compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space.
the pi bond in alkenes restricts the rotation of the molecule potentially causing E/Z isomerism to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is required for E/Z isomerism to occur

A

a c=c double bond

each carbon is bonded to two different atoms/groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do alkanes not show stereoisomerism?

A

they don’t have pi bonds to restrict rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if a stereoisomer has two identical groups on the same plane of the molecule is it an E or Z isomer

A

Z isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if a stereoisomer has two identical groups on the opposite plane of the molecule is it an E or Z isomer

A

E isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are Cis-Trans isomers

A

Cis-Trans isomers are a type of E/Z isomer where two of the substituent groups on the c=c bond are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

tow reactants combine to form one product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name the compound formed when ethene reacts with hydrogen

A

ethane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name the compound formed when ethene reacts with hydrogen chloride

A

chloroethane

22
Q

name the compound formed when ethene reacts with water

A

ethanol

23
Q

name the compound formed when ethene reacts with bromine

A

1,2-dibromoethane

24
Q

what are conditions for hydrogenation

A

Nickle catalyst , 150C

25
Q

what are the conditions for bromination

A

room temperature and pressure

26
Q

what are the conditions for Hydration

A

H3PO4, 300C, 6MPa

27
Q

what is an electrophile

A

an electron pair donor

28
Q

what does a curly arrow represent

A

the movement of a pair of electrons

29
Q

what does markovnikov’s rule state

A

the hydrogen being added bonds to the carbon with the most hydrogens present in the major product

30
Q

what stabilises a carbonium ion

A

the induction effect of adjacent alkyl groups

the ability of alkyl groups to donate electrons

31
Q

what is a monomer

A

a small molecule that can join together with other monomers to form a polymer

32
Q

what is a polymer

A

a long molecule formed from lots of repeating units (monomers)

33
Q

what is an addition polymer

A

a type of polymer formed from lots of alkenes joining together

34
Q

what is a repeat unit

A

the part of a polymer that repeats (similar to a monomer but the double bond has been broken)

35
Q

are alcohols polar or non-polar

A

polar

36
Q

equation for the combustion of alcohols

A

Alcohol + oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + water

37
Q

what do you get when you reflux a primary alcohol with the oxidising agent of acidic potassium dichromate

A

Carboxylic acid

38
Q

what do you get when you distill a primary alcohol with the oxidising agent of acidic potassium dichromate

A

Aldehyde

39
Q

what do you get when you reflux a secondary alcohol with the oxidising agent of acidic potassium dichromate

A

Ketone

40
Q

what does dehydration mean

A

removal of water

41
Q

what is the colour change for the oxidising agent acidic potassium dichromate

A

orange –> green

42
Q

what is a haloalkane

A

a compound in which a halogen has replaced at least one of the hydrogen atoms in an alkane chain

43
Q

what is the general formula for a haloalkane

A

CnH2n+1X

44
Q

define nucleophilic substitution

A

a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

45
Q

which is more important, bond enthalpy or polarity

A

bond enthalpy

46
Q

what is the formula of ozone

A

O3 molecules

47
Q

what does CFC stand for

A

Chlorofluorocarbons

48
Q

what happens when a CFC comes into contact with UV (equation)

A

CCl2F2 –uv–> •CClF2 + Cl•

49
Q

how do CFCs break down the ozone layer (equation)

A

Cl• + O3 –> ClO• + O3

ClO• + O3 –> Cl• + 2O2

50
Q

are CFCs inert?

A

yes

Year 12 Take 1 Chem (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions