Unit nine JCL Flashcards
Which 2 tests could be used to distinguish between primary and secondary alcohols?
Warming (Distillation/reflux) with acidified potassium dichromate
What is the name given to the peak which gives the mass of the compound?
Molecular ion peak
What type of spectroscopy differentiates between bonds by their absorption of radiation?
Infrared spectroscopy
What would be used to test for an alkene?
Bromine water
What would be needed to test for the presence of a carboxylic acid?
Sodium carbonate and Limewater
What type of reaction will form a halogenoalkane from an alkane?
Free radical substistution
It is decided that Br2 is going to be used to form the halogenoalkane.
What reaction condition will be needed to initiate this reaction?
UV light
The elimination of halogenoalkanes to form alkenes is achieved through the use of potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide can also be used to form alcohols from halogenoalkanes in a substitution reaction.
What solvent is required in order to favour an elimination reaction?
Ethanol
Which type of spectrum is most helpful in deducing the bonds present in a molecule?
Infrared spectroscopy
Which type of spectrum is most helpful in deducing the molecular formula a molecule?
Mass spectrometry
What is the name of the peak on the furthest right of the mass spectrum?
Molecular ion peak (M+)
What is fragmentation?
The molecule breaks into smaller parts. Electron bombardment causes bonds to break
If a molecule has a broad peak around 3000cm-1, what could it be?
An alcohol or carboxylic acid
If a molecule does not have a broad peak around 3000cm-1, what could it be?
A carbonyl
If a molecule has a peak around 1700cm-1, what could it be?
A carbonyl or carboxylic acid
If a molecule does not have a peak around 1700cm-1, what could it be?
An alcohol
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alkene –> Haloalkane
Hydrogen halide
Electrophilic addition
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alkene –> Alkane
H2
Ni catalyst
Hydrogenation / Addition
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alkene –> Alcohol
H20(g) (steam)
H3PO4 catalyst
Hydration via electrophilic addition
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alkane –> Haloalkane
Halogen
UV light
Free radical substitution
Conditions and type of reaction for: Haloalkane –> Alcohol
NaOH
Reflux
Hydrolysis via nucleophilic substitution
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alcohol –> Alkene
Concentrated H2SO4
Dehydration / Elimination
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alcohol –> Haloalkane
Sodium halide
H2SO4
Nucleophilic substitution
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alcohol –> Carboxylic acid
Primary alcohol
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Reflux
Oxidation
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alcohol –> Aldehyde
Primary alcohol
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Distillation
Oxidation
Conditions and type of reaction for: Alcohol –> Ketone
Secondary alcohol
Acidified K2Cr2O7
Reflux
Oxidation
