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geography: migration > unit three: causes, consequences and management of refugee movements > Flashcards

unit three: causes, consequences and management of refugee movements Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a refugee?

A

people fleeing conflict or persecution. they are defined and protected in international law and must not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom are at risk

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2
Q

why might refugees want to leave their country?

A
  • violence/war
  • hunger/famine
  • extreme poverty
  • sexual/gender orientation
  • natural disasters
  • religion
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3
Q

what is an asylum seeker?

A

someone who wishes to be classified as a refugee, as they claim to be the victim of persecution in their homeland

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4
Q

what happens if someone’s application to become an asylum seeker is accepted or rejected?

A
  • accepted = granted the right to stay and will receive the benefits of a normal citizen
  • rejected = deported back to their country of origin
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5
Q

why do you think that many asylum seekers try to reach wealthy nations to make their application for asylum?

A
  • better living conditions
  • access to benefits and stable housing
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6
Q

why might people in the uk have such a negative view of asylum seekers?

A

say people are taking their jobs (bad representation from the media)

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7
Q

how many asylum seeker applications does the uk get annually?

A

300,000 (uk ranks 5th highest in application per year)

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8
Q

how much land was “grabbed” in ethiopia and what was it used for?

A

100,000 hectares of land in 2010 used to grow crops like corn, sugar cane and palm oil

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9
Q

what company has leased the land from the ethiopian government?

A

karituri global

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10
Q

what human rights violations did the anauk tribe suffer from at the hand of the ethipian military?

A
  • suffered beatings
  • unlawful arrests
  • intimidation
  • killings
  • rape
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11
Q

potentially how many people in ethiopia have suffered from these types of projects (land grabbing)?

A

1.5 million indigenous people have suffered

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12
Q

how many people have been forced from their home around the world since 2010?

A

65 million

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13
Q

what events led to the start of the arab spring?

A

a young man forced to stop selling fruit, set himself on fire, in protest

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14
Q

how many people have been affected by the syrian civil war?

A

600,000 have been killed while 13 million have been displaced

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15
Q

who is fighting who in the syrian civil war?

A
  • northern front = al-quadar, isis and free syrian army
  • eastern front = kurdish lebels
  • want to get rid of president but also al-quadar from syria
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16
Q

what are the push factors from syria?

A
  • more than 6.5 million children need emergency aid from conflict
  • 7.8 magnitude earthquake in february 2023
  • poor access to education, shortage of emergency aid and conflict
17
Q

where are syrian refugees moving to?

A

of the 13,000,000:
- 50% have moved to other parts of syria
- 40% have moved to neighbouring countries like jordan, iraq and lebanon
- 10% have moved to eu countries

18
Q

which european country have taken in the most syrian refugees?

A

germany - 670,000 (ish)

19
Q

what is the world vision doing to help manage the syrian refugee crisis?

A
  • 2022 > reached more than 1.9 million people in syria
  • had an aim to support 3.6 million in north west syria for emergency healthcare, clear water, shelter etc
  • 2023 > reached over 2.8 million people. prioritising the well being of children or families
  • after february earthquake, more than 50 projects launched, supporting nearly 1.8 million people
20
Q

who are the unhcr?

A

the united nations high commissioner for refugees (1950) - after ww2 to help millions of europeans who fled who now help with refugee crises globally

21
Q

what is the unhcr doing to help globally?

A
  • life-saving humanitarian aid helping the most vulnerable with cash for medicine and other necessities
  • provide stoves and fuel for heating, insulation for tents, thermal blankets and winter clothing
  • access to clean water and sanitation (limit the spread of disease)
22
Q

why are some germans becoming concerned about the migration in 2015?

A
  • pressure on healthcare and schools
  • lots of support needed for the refugees of war
23
Q

what is “pegida” and why has it become a thing in germany?

A
  • its and anti-islamic movement that has gained support following the large influx of migrants from syria and other middle eastern countries
  • organised protests against germany’s “open door” policy to refugees
24
Q

what will happen to future refugees who try to enter europe?

A

all “irregular migrants” crossing turkey into greece from march 2016 will be sent back and each assessed by the greek authorities

25
Q

how is the eu compensating turkey under the “eu-turkey” deal?

A

one-for-one: for each syrian returned to turkey, another syrian will be resettled to the eu

26
Q

how many refugees and migrants crossed the mediterranean sea to europe in 2015 vs 2014?

A
  • 2014 = 219,000 arrivals with 3500 dead/missing
  • 2015 = 411,567 arrivals with 2900 dead/missing
27
Q

what are the social positive impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • people discouraged from making the dangerous journey
  • diffusion of culture
  • impacted the birth rate in turkey = combat aging population
28
Q

what are the social negative impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • increase in gang crime and sexual violence
  • people drowned during the journey
  • families split up
  • child exploitation
  • mental scarring
29
Q

what are the economic positive impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • eu and members are funding the “eu facility for refugees in turkey” provides €3 billion
  • the european commission has a schemes (essn) that allows 1 million refugees to cover basic, daily needs
30
Q

what are the economic negative impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • loss of generation for syrian economy
31
Q

what are the political positive impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • led to collaboration between recipient countries in addressing the crisis
  • chance for some countries to be led by example i.e. germany
32
Q

what are the political negative impacts of the syrian migration crisis?

A
  • rise of right win g politics in some recipient countries
33
Q

how many ukrainian refugees have relocated to the uk (april 2024)?

A

237,060

34
Q

what are 3 different countries ukrainian refugees relocated to?

A
  • germany > 1,200,000 (march 2024)
  • poland > 956,635 (april 2024)
  • czech republic > 339,305 (april 2024)
35
Q

how does the uk governments “homes for ukraine” policy work?

A

allows ukrainian nationals and their families to get to the uk if they’ve been invited by a sponsor (host)

geography: migration (4 decks)

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