unit one: globalisation, migration and a shrinking world Flashcards
what is migration?
the movement of people from one place to another
what is voluntary migration?
someone moves due to their own decisions and free will
what is forced migration?
someone who has to move through no fault of their (often referred to as refugees)
what is national (internal) migration?
the movement of a person within the borders of a nation/country
what is international (global) migration?
the movement of a person across the borders of a nation/country
what is emmigration?
when someone leaves a country
what is immigration?
when someone enters a country
what is migration balance?
the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants
what is net immigration?
the difference between the number of people who enter an area and leave, over a year
what is net emigration?
the difference between the number of people who leave a country and who enter over a year
what is globalisation?
the process of increasing inter connectivity and interdependence among countries and economies of the world
what are some factors (push and pull) which may affect why someone migrates?
- lack of capital
- political differences
- language
- travel costs
- family pressure
- illiteracy
- religion
- national policy
what are some reasons someone might voluntarily migrate?
- social benefits (like healthcare and education)
- more opportunities
- family/relationships
- business and economic opportunities
what are some reasons someone might be forced to migrate?
- war/conflict
- natural disasters
- jobs
- rising sea levels
- family
what are some reasons someone might temporarily migrate?
- job
- family
- second home owners
- university education
why might someone permanently migrate?
- better opportunities
- family
- forced migration (natural disaster and war/conflict)
how many international migrants were there in 2015 and 2021?
in 2015, there were 244 million, but this has increased to 281 million in 2021
what might be causing the numbers of international migrants to increase?
- climate change = more natural disasters
- wars and conflicts
- more job opportunities abroad
- increased inter connectivity = cheaper/quicker flights
- technology allows people to stay connected
- growing global amount of people
what might be causing some countries to have a positive migration (imm > em) balance whilst others have a negative balance (em > imm)?
developing countries have a negative balance as they have more pull factors
what are some ways that globalisation has changed the world?
- more people are able to move countries to escape dangers in their own country
- money being moved globally by electronic transfer systems
- developing countries are becoming a more common place for international investment due to high population growth
- lowering of trade barriers after WW2 = growth in global trade
- the world trade organisation has been negotiating reductions in tariffs and other barriers to trade
