Unit Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Describe the process of replication

A

It is a DNA reproduction. New cells are being made.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA has 4 N-bases. What are these bases, and which pair up with each other?

A

Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

A structure consisting of a sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the bond called that holds complementary bases together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bases are Pyrimidines? Purines?

A

Pyrimidines - C,U,T
Purines - A, G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Process of replication?

A

New strands of DNA are made from old strands and new nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Semi conservative replication?

A

Parental dna strands separate and are templates, produce dna molecules that have one strand of parental dna and one strand of new dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a mutation?

A

DNA is not copied correctly, resulting in a permanent change that can either be harmful, beneficial or neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two causes of mutation?

A

1: chemicals
2: high energy forms of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two examples of a MUTAGEN?

A

X-rays, ultraviolet radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is frameshift mutation?

A

A SINGLE n-base is lost or added to a DNA strand; results in mRNA out of position by one base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is point mutation?

A

A SINGLE BASE in a gene has been changed or substituted; changes one mRNA codon and one amino acid in the protein
Ex. AAG becomes AAU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frameshift mutation and point mutation are similar in that something happens to a ______ ______.

A

SINGLE BASE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an aneuploidy disorder?

A

Having an abnormal number of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Down’s Syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21
Extra chromosome on #21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Klinefelter’s?

A

XXY
Person considered male
Extra X chromosome

17
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A


Person considered FEMALE
Missing or incomplete X chromosome

18
Q

What is non-disjunction?

A

The addition or loss of a whole chromosome

19
Q

Which chromosomes do Klinefelter’s and Turner’s syndrome occur on?

A

The 23rd pair, sex chromosomes

20
Q

Differences between RNA and DNA?

A

DNA: double stranded, has thymine, is in the nucleus
RNA: single stranded, has uracil, in the cytoplasm

21
Q

Arrange these terms from smallest to largest:
CELL NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME
NUCLEOTIDE DNA

A

Nucleotide, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell

22
Q

What is a triplet?

A

3 n-bases together coding for an amino acid.

23
Q

What is transcription?

A

It’s when DNA is transcribed into mRNA, happens in the nucleus.

24
Q

What is translation?

A

The translation of mRNA onto the polypeptide chain. Happens in the ribosome.

25
Q

What is the function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

A

DNA: contains genetic info needed to carry out cell activities
mRNA: contains the translated DNA info
tRNA: delivers the right anticodon and the amino acid, to the ribosome
rRNA: helps make the ribosome and read the mRNA

26
Q

What causes Downs syndrome, turners and klinefelters?

A

Nondisjunction