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History 1 > Unit One: The Materials of Music > Flashcards

Unit One: The Materials of Music Flashcards

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1
Q

measure

A

a metrical unit containing a fixed number of beats; separated on the staff by bar lines.

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2
Q

meter

A

fixed patterns of strong and weak betas

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3
Q

simple time

A

time signatures in which each beat contains two subdivisions

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4
Q

compound time

A

time signatures in which each beat contains three (rather than two) subdivisions

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5
Q

syncopation

A

a deliberate shifting of the musical accent to a weak beat

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6
Q

anacrusis

A

an upbeat, or the last beat of a measure anticipating the downbeat

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7
Q

pitch

A

the highness or lowness of a particular sound

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8
Q

range

A

the distance between the highest and lowest notes of a melody

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9
Q

interval

A

the distance between any two pitches

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10
Q

conjunct

A

melodies that move mostly in a stepwise direction

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11
Q

disjunct

A

melodies that contain many leaps and changes of direction

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12
Q

phrase

A

a series of consecutive pitches that form a musical unit, much like a sentence

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13
Q

motive

A

a short melodic or rhythmic fragment used to build a melody

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14
Q

chord

A

a combination of three or more pitches that create a unit of harmony

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15
Q

triad

A

a three note chord that consists of a root, third, and fifth

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16
Q

diatonic

A

melodies/harmonies built from the notes of a +/- scale

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17
Q

chromatic

A

melodies/harmonies that include all the notes available within the octave, from the Greek word for “colour”

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18
Q

consonance

A

an agreeable combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability

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19
Q

dissonance

A

a combination of tones that sounds discordant, thus creating restlessness and a sense of instability

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20
Q

harmonic rhythm

A

the rate (frequency) of chord changes per measure

21
Q

cadence

A

a specific combination of two chords that provide moments of rest at the ends of phrases, much like punctuation

22
Q

counterpoint

A

combination of two or more melodic lines (ex. Hallelujah chorus from Handel’s messiah (“…and he shall reign forever and ever…”)

23
Q

monophonic texture

A

a single line of unaccompanied melody

24
Q

homophonic texture

A

a single line of melody supported by a harmonic accompaniment (ex. Section A of Overture (Sinfony) Messiah)

25
Q

polyphonic texture

A

combination of two or more melodic lines, also referred to as counterpoint (ex. Hallelujah chorus from Handel’s Messiah (“…and he shall reign forever and ever…”)

26
Q

dynamics

A

the level of volume in music, traditionally indicated with Italian terms or symbols

27
Q

timbre

A

tone-colour. The quality of sound specific to a voice or instrument, for example, the silvery sound of a celesta, the nasal sound of an oboe

28
Q

tempo

A

the speed at which music is performed, traditionally indicated with Italian terms

29
Q

genre

A

the classification of a composition type, including categories like sonata, symphony, and opera

30
Q

opus

A

Latin for “work”. Usually abbreviated op. Indicates the order in which a composer’s works were published

31
Q

voice types

A

soprano, mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass

32
Q

coloratura soprano

A

a high female voice trained to execute rapid passages demanding great agility

33
Q

keyboard instruments

A

organ, harpsichord (quills inside pluck strings), clavichord (metal tangents inside strike strings), piano, synthesizer

34
Q

types of percussion instruments

A

pitched (xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta), non-pitched (cymbals, snare drum, triangle, wood block)

35
Q

types of woodwinds

A

single-reed (clarinet, bass clarinet), double-reed (oboe, English horn, contrabassoon)

36
Q

piano trio

A

piano, violin, cello

37
Q

woodwind quintet

A

flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, bassoon

38
Q

brass quintet

A

trumpet, trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba

39
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 1

A
  1. full orchestra, 2. woodwinds, 3. brass, 4. strings, 5. percussion, 6. full orchestra
40
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 2

A
  1. flutes + piccolo, 2. oboes, 3. clarinets, 4. bassoons, 5. violins, 6. violas, 7. celli, 8. double bassi, 9. harp, 10. french horns, 11. trumpets, 12. trombone + tuba, 13. percussion
41
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 3

A

fugue in the same order as part 2

42
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra: composer

A

Benjamin Britten

43
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra : year

A

1946

44
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 1: key

A

D minor

45
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 1: time signature

A

3/2

46
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 1: tempo

A

Allegro Maestoso e largamente

47
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 3: key

A

D major

48
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 3: tempo

A

Allegro molto

49
Q

The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra Part 3: time signature

A

2/4

History 1 (19 decks)

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