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TAP Lecture > Unit One Posterior/Anterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Unit One Posterior/Anterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior mediastinum is where

A

Below sternal angle, behind heart and in front of vertebral bodies

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2
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A

Esophagus, thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves

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3
Q

Where is thoracic duct

A

Posterior to esophagus and medial to azygous and thoracic aorta

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4
Q

The esophagus is how long

A

10 inches long

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5
Q

The esophagus is lined with

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

The esophagus begins where

A

C6 from the cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

The esophagus pierces the diaphragm at what level

A

T10

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8
Q

When the esophagus joins the stomach, the lining becomes what

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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9
Q

What becomes the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

What is the first site of constriction on the esophagus

A

At the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus

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11
Q

What is the second site of constriction on the esophagus

A

Where the esophagus is crossed by the arch of the aorta

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12
Q

What is the third site of constriction of the esophagus

A

Where the esophagus is compressed by the left main bronchus

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13
Q

Where is the fourth site of constriction of the esophagus

A

At the esophageal opening of the diaphragm

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14
Q

The aortic arch crosses in front of what structure

A

The left bronchus

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15
Q

Upper one third of the arterial supply to the esophagus

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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16
Q

How to get to the inferior thyroid artery

A

Subclavian artery to thyrocervical trunk then to inferior thyroid artery

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17
Q

The middle one third of the arterial supply to the esophagus is

A

Thoracic aorta

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18
Q

The lower one third of arterial supply to the esophagus is

A

Left gastric artery

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19
Q

The left gastric artery branches from what

A

Celiac trunk

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20
Q

The upper one third of venous drainage of the esophagus is

A

Inferior thyroid vein

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21
Q

The middle 1/3 of venous drainage of the esophagus is

A

Azygous vein

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22
Q

The lower 1/3 of venous drainage of the esophagus is

A

Left gastric vein

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23
Q

The left gastric vein drains into what

A

Portal vein

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24
Q

Lymphatic drainage in upper 1/3 esophagus

A

Deep cervical nodes

25
Q

Middle 1/3 lymphatic drainage in esophagus

A

Mediastinal nodes

26
Q

Lower 1/3 lymphatic drainage in the esophagus

A

Left gastric nodes

27
Q

The left gastric nodes drain into what

A

Celiac nodes

28
Q

Celiac nodes drain into

A

Cisternae chyli

29
Q

What is the innervation of esophagus

A

Vagus nerve, cervical trunk and thoracic trunk and sensation

30
Q

The general sensation innervation of esophagus

A

Parasympathetic

31
Q

The pain sensation innervation of esophagus

A

Sympathetic

32
Q

The sympathetic innervation of esophagus is

A

Cervical trunk and thoracic trunk

33
Q

The ascending aorta is in what mediastinum

A

Middle

34
Q

The arch of aorta is in what mediastinum

A

Superior mediastinum

35
Q

The thoracic aorta is in what mediastinum

A

Posterior mediastinum

36
Q

Aorta divided into

A

Ascending, arch, descending, thoracic and abdominal

37
Q

The thoracic aorta begins at the level of

A

Sternal angle

38
Q

The thoracic aorta ends at what vertebral level

A

T12 (aortic opening)

39
Q

The thoracic aorta becomes continuous with what

A

Abdominal aorta

40
Q

What are the branches of thoracic aorta

A

Posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, superior phrenic arteries, pericardial branches, esophageal branches, bronchial branches, and mediastinal branches

41
Q

Is the subcostal arteries an intercostal artery

A

No

42
Q

What forms the azygos vein

A

Ascending lumbar and subcostal veins

43
Q

The azygous passes through what opening

A

Aortic opening at T12

44
Q

The azygous vein ascends in what mediastinum

A

Posterior

45
Q

The azygos vein arches over what at T4

A

Right bronchus

46
Q

Azygos vein drains into what

A

SVC

47
Q

What are the tributaries to the azygos vein

A

Ascending lumbar vein, right subcostal vein, hemiazygous vein, accessory hemiazygous veins, posterior intercostal veins, mediastinal vein, esophagus vein, right bronchial vein, and pericardial vein

48
Q

What are the major tributaries to the azygos vein

A

Hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein

49
Q

The ascending lumbar vein joins what

A

Subcostal vein

50
Q

The subcostal vein becomes the

A

Azygous and hemiazygous vein

51
Q

What is the longest lymphatic channel

A

Thoracic duct

52
Q

The thoracic duct begins where

A

Cisterna chyli T12

53
Q

The thoracic duct passes through what opening

A

Aortic opening

54
Q

The thoracic duct ends at

A

The junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

55
Q

The thoracic duct drains how much of body

A

3/4 of body

56
Q

What are the tributaries of the thoracic duct

A

Left jugular lymph trunk, left subclavian lymph trunk, left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

57
Q

Tributaries to right lymphatic duct

A

Right jugular lymph trunk, right subclavian lymph trunk, right bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

58
Q

What body parts does the thoracic duct drain

A

Left thoracic, left upper extremity, left side of head, lower extremities and abdomen

59
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum

A

Lower part of thymic remnants and lymph nodes

TAP Lecture (8 decks)

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