Unit One Posterior/Anterior Mediastinum

Question 1

The posterior mediastinum is where

Answer 1

Below sternal angle, behind heart and in front of vertebral bodies

Question 2

Contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 2

Esophagus, thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves

Question 3

Where is thoracic duct

Answer 3

Posterior to esophagus and medial to azygous and thoracic aorta

Question 4

The esophagus is how long

Answer 4

10 inches long

Question 5

The esophagus is lined with

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

The esophagus begins where

Answer 6

C6 from the cricoid cartilage

Question 7

The esophagus pierces the diaphragm at what level

Answer 7

T10

Question 8

When the esophagus joins the stomach, the lining becomes what

Answer 8

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

What becomes the esophagus

Answer 9

Laryngopharynx

Question 10

What is the first site of constriction on the esophagus

Answer 10

At the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus

Question 11

What is the second site of constriction on the esophagus

Answer 11

Where the esophagus is crossed by the arch of the aorta

Question 12

What is the third site of constriction of the esophagus

Answer 12

Where the esophagus is compressed by the left main bronchus

Question 13

Where is the fourth site of constriction of the esophagus

Answer 13

At the esophageal opening of the diaphragm

Question 14

The aortic arch crosses in front of what structure

Answer 14

The left bronchus

Question 15

Upper one third of the arterial supply to the esophagus

Answer 15

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 16

How to get to the inferior thyroid artery

Answer 16

Subclavian artery to thyrocervical trunk then to inferior thyroid artery

Question 17

The middle one third of the arterial supply to the esophagus is

Answer 17

Thoracic aorta

Question 18

The lower one third of arterial supply to the esophagus is

Answer 18

Left gastric artery

Question 19

The left gastric artery branches from what

Answer 19

Celiac trunk

Question 20

The upper one third of venous drainage of the esophagus is

Answer 20

Inferior thyroid vein

Question 21

The middle 1/3 of venous drainage of the esophagus is

Answer 21

Azygous vein

Question 22

The lower 1/3 of venous drainage of the esophagus is

Answer 22

Left gastric vein

Question 23

The left gastric vein drains into what

Answer 23

Portal vein

Question 24

Lymphatic drainage in upper 1/3 esophagus

Answer 24

Deep cervical nodes

Question 25

Middle 1/3 lymphatic drainage in esophagus

Answer 25

Mediastinal nodes

Question 26

Lower 1/3 lymphatic drainage in the esophagus

Answer 26

Left gastric nodes

Question 27

The left gastric nodes drain into what

Answer 27

Celiac nodes

Question 28

Celiac nodes drain into

Answer 28

Cisternae chyli

Question 29

What is the innervation of esophagus

Answer 29

Vagus nerve, cervical trunk and thoracic trunk and sensation

Question 30

The general sensation innervation of esophagus

Answer 30

Parasympathetic

Question 31

The pain sensation innervation of esophagus

Answer 31

Sympathetic

Question 32

The sympathetic innervation of esophagus is

Answer 32

Cervical trunk and thoracic trunk

Question 33

The ascending aorta is in what mediastinum

Answer 33

Middle

Question 34

The arch of aorta is in what mediastinum

Answer 34

Superior mediastinum

Question 35

The thoracic aorta is in what mediastinum

Answer 35

Posterior mediastinum

Question 36

Aorta divided into

Answer 36

Ascending, arch, descending, thoracic and abdominal

Question 37

The thoracic aorta begins at the level of

Answer 37

Sternal angle

Question 38

The thoracic aorta ends at what vertebral level

Answer 38

T12 (aortic opening)

Question 39

The thoracic aorta becomes continuous with what

Answer 39

Abdominal aorta

Question 40

What are the branches of thoracic aorta

Answer 40

Posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, superior phrenic arteries, pericardial branches, esophageal branches, bronchial branches, and mediastinal branches

Question 41

Is the subcostal arteries an intercostal artery

Answer 41

No

Question 42

What forms the azygos vein

Answer 42

Ascending lumbar and subcostal veins

Question 43

The azygous passes through what opening

Answer 43

Aortic opening at T12

Question 44

The azygous vein ascends in what mediastinum

Answer 44

Posterior

Question 45

The azygos vein arches over what at T4

Answer 45

Right bronchus

Question 46

Azygos vein drains into what

Answer 46

SVC

Question 47

What are the tributaries to the azygos vein

Answer 47

Ascending lumbar vein, right subcostal vein, hemiazygous vein, accessory hemiazygous veins, posterior intercostal veins, mediastinal vein, esophagus vein, right bronchial vein, and pericardial vein

Question 48

What are the major tributaries to the azygos vein

Answer 48

Hemiazygos vein and accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 49

The ascending lumbar vein joins what

Answer 49

Subcostal vein

Question 50

The subcostal vein becomes the

Answer 50

Azygous and hemiazygous vein

Question 51

What is the longest lymphatic channel

Answer 51

Thoracic duct

Question 52

The thoracic duct begins where

Answer 52

Cisterna chyli T12

Question 53

The thoracic duct passes through what opening

Answer 53

Aortic opening

Question 54

The thoracic duct ends at

Answer 54

The junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 55

The thoracic duct drains how much of body

Answer 55

3/4 of body

Question 56

What are the tributaries of the thoracic duct

Answer 56

Left jugular lymph trunk, left subclavian lymph trunk, left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

Question 57

Tributaries to right lymphatic duct

Answer 57

Right jugular lymph trunk, right subclavian lymph trunk, right bronchomediastinal lymph trunk

Question 58

What body parts does the thoracic duct drain

Answer 58

Left thoracic, left upper extremity, left side of head, lower extremities and abdomen

Question 59

What is in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 59

Lower part of thymic remnants and lymph nodes