Unit One Pericardium/Heart Flashcards
What is the pericardium
Fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
The pericardium lies where
In the middle of mediastinum
The fibrous portion of pericardium is attached to
Central tendon of diaphragm
The fibrous pericardium is fused to
Great vessels adventitia
What ligament is attached from fibrous pericardium to sternum
Sternopericardial ligament
What forms the serous pericardium
Parietal layer, pericardial cavity and visceral layer
AKA of visceral layer of pericardium
Epicardium
What is the cells that make up the serous pericardium
Simple squamous
Function of serous pericardium
Secretes lubricating fluid
Does the fibrous pericardium stretch when heart is beating
No
If a vessel in the pericardium explodes/leaks where does it go
Pericardial cavity
Vessel leaking into pericardial cavity causes pressure and crushes heart and is called
Cardiac tamponade
What is the ligament from the fibrous pericardium to diaphragm
Pericardialphrenic ligament
What are the nerves that supply the pericardium
Phrenic, sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve
What is the main or big supply of nerve to pericardium
Phrenic nerve
Is vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic
Parasympathetic
What are the surfaces of the heart
Anterior, right pulmonary surface, left pulmonary surface, diaphragmatic, and posterior surface
Aka of anterior surface of heart
Sternocostal surface
Anterior surface of heart contains
Right atrium, right auricle, right ventricle, left ventricle
Right pulmonary surface of heart contains
Right atrium and right auricle
Left pulmonary surface of heart contains
Left ventricle, left atrium (small part)
What surfaces of the heart are directed towards lungs
Right and left pulmonary surface
Diaphragmatic surface of heart contains
Left ventricle (mainly), right ventricle and posterior interventricular sulcus, interventricular septum
Posterior surface of heart AKA
Base
Posterior surface of heart contains
Left atrium (mainly), right atrium (small part), proximal parts of great veins (SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins)
What tendon attaches to the diaphragmatic surface of heart
Central tendon
Apex of heart found where
Fifth intercostal
What are the external sulci of the heart
Coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus
What sulcus circles the heart
Coronary sulcus
What sulci separates the atria from ventricles
Coronary sulcus
What sulci is present on the anterior surface of the heart
Anterior interventricular sulcus
What sulci is present on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Posterior interventricular sulcus
What artery and vein are in the anterior interventricular sulcus
Great cardiac vein and anterior interventricular artery
What artery or vein is in the coronary sulcus
Right coronary artery and coronary sinus
What artery and vein is found in the posterior interventricular sulcus
Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein
The right atrium contains what circuit
Pulmonary circuit
What are the spaces found in the right atrium
Atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae
Atrium proper found where
Auricle area
What is the external groove found on the right atrium
Sulcus terminalis cordis
Where is the sulcus terminalis cordis
Vertically on side of right atrium on outside of heart
What is the internal ridge of the right atrium
Crista terminalis
Function of crista terminalis
Separate atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae
When you pass the crista terminalis in the right atrium what is present
Pectinate muscle
Why is the inside of the right atrium smooth
Allows for better blood flow into the ventricle
Is the sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis found in the left atrium
Yes but not as prominent
The atrium proper is what directionally compared to crista terminalis
Anterior
The atrium proper is derived from
Embryonic primitive atrium
What muscle is present in the right atrium
Pectinate muscle
AKA of pectinate muscle
Musculi pectinati
Sinus of venae cavae is derived from
Sinus venosus
What walls are found in the sinus of venae cavae
Smooth and thin walls
What opens in the sinus of venae cavae
SVC and IVC
Where will you find the fossa ovalis and annulus ovalis
Interatrial septum
Annulus ovalis AKA
Limbus fossa ovalis
How does fossa ovalis forms
When the pressure in right atrium is less than the pressure in left atrium causing the foramen ovale to close
What are the openings in the right atrium
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrioventricular orifice, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein
What are the biggest openings in the right atrium
SVC and IVC
What drains blood from heart into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac vein openings are found where in the right atrium
Right under the right auricle
SVC drains what into right atrium
Blood from head, neck and upper extremity
What is trabeculae carneae
Muscular, irregular structures on the inflow portion of ventricles
What muscle is present in the ventricles
Papillary muscles
What do papillary muscles look like
Peaks of muscles that extend into the chamber
Papillary muscles tether to what
Chordae tendineae
Chordae tendineae attach to what
Cusps
Infundubulum AKA
Conus arteriosus
What is the conus arteriosus
Smooth walls of the outflow tract in the ventricles that help with smooth blood flow
Infundibulum derived from
Embryonic bulbus cordis
Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right atrioventricular orifice
What part of valve attaches to chordae tendineae
Apex of cusp
Pulmonary valve contains what
Three semilunar cusps
What are the valves in the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve is made up of
Anterior cusp, septal cusp and posterior cusp
What forms the base of the heart
Left atrium
What is not present on the left atrium
Sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis
The posterior part of the left atrium contains
Smooths walls
The left atrium receives blood from
Pulmonary veins
The anterior part of the left atrium contains
Musculi pectinati (ridges)
Is the right ventricle or left ventricle thicker
Left due to being part of the systemic circuit
What valves are present in the left ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve and aortic valve
What is the aortic vestibule in the left ventricle
Smooth outflow tract near the aorta
What in the left ventricle is derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis
Aortic vestibule
The pulmonary cusp has how many cusps and called
3, left, anterior and right
The aortic valve has how many cusps and called what
Three, left, right and posterior cusp
Backflow of cusp of aortic valve goes where
Coronary artery to supply blood to heart
What are the coronary arteries
Right and left
What are the branches of the right coronary artery
Atrial branch, right marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch
Posterior interventricular branch AKA
Posterior descending artery
The coronary arteries supply blood where
To heart
The heart receives most of its blood supply from what artery
Right coronary artery
What are the branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch
Anterior interventricular branch AKA
Left anterior descending artery
The anterior interventricular branch supplies blood particularly to what
Left ventricle
What are the two main venous drainage of heart
Anterior cardiac veins and coronary sinus
The anterior cardiac veins drain into what
Right atrium
The coronary sinus is divided into
Great, middle, small cardiac vein and posterior cardiac vein
The coronary sinus is found where
Between left atrium and left ventricle
What vein reins with posterior ventricular artery
Posterior cardiac vein
Aka of middle cardiac vein
Posterior interventricular vein
Small cardiac vein runs with artery
Right coronary artery
The cardiac conduction system consists of
Sinuatrial node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches (His) and purkinje fibers
Where is the SA node found
SVC entrance into atria
Where is AV node found
Border between right atrium and right ventricle
Function of AV node
Initiate ventricle contraction
What makes the SA node work constantly
Slow continuous flow of sodium slowly depolarizing inside of cell to threshold which is lower than most cells
Purpose of cardiac skeleton
Make sure the signal from AV node to bundle does not come back and makes its way to ventricles. Insulator
The pulmonary trunk forms the
Right and left pulmonary artery
The pulmonary trunk contains what that attaches to aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
The ligamentum arteriosum is derived from
Ductus arteriosum
Function of ductus arteriosum
Shunt blood from pulmonary trunk to aortic arch to bypass lungs
Where does ascending aorta begin
T4-T5
Where does ascending aorta end
Sternal angle
What are the branches of the ascending aorta
Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery
