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TAP Lecture > Unit One Pleural Cavities > Flashcards

Unit One Pleural Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

The pleura surrounds

A

The lungs

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2
Q

What are the layers of the pleura

A

Parietal and visceral

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3
Q

The visceral pleura touches

A

The lungs

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4
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layer

A

Pleural space

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5
Q

The pleural space contains

A

Pleural fluid

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6
Q

The pleura is lined with

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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7
Q

The epithelium of the pleura AKA

A

Mesothelium

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8
Q

What are the parts of the parietal pleura

A

Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, and cervical pleura

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9
Q

Superior part of parietal pleura

A

Cervical pleura

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the parietal pleura

A

Intercostal and phrenic nerve

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11
Q

The phrenic nerve innervates what part of parietal pleura

A

Mediastinal surface and medial portion of diaphragmatic surface

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12
Q

the visceral pleura is sensitive to

A

Stretch

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13
Q

The visceral pleura is insensitive to what

A

Pain and touch

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14
Q

Nerve supply to visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary plexus

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15
Q

Is the pulmonary plexus part of what supply

A

Autonomic supply

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16
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Lower lateral part of the pleural space

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17
Q

What is the deepest part of the pleural space

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

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18
Q

Where is the costomediastinal recess

A

Space between mediastinal and costal pleura

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19
Q

Function of costomediastinal recess

A

Helps lungs to expand during deep inspiration

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20
Q

Lungs expand into what during quiet respiration

A

Costomediastinal recess

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21
Q

Where is the costomediastinal recess most obvious

A

Cardiac notch of left lung

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22
Q

What are the two ends of the lungs

A

Apex and base (diaphragmatic surface)

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23
Q

What are the borders of the lungs

A

Anterior , posterior and inferior

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24
Q

What are the surfaces of the lungs

A

Costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal

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25
Q

What is the root of the lung

A

A collection of structures that attaches the lung to the structures of the mediastinum

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26
Q

The root and hilum are present at what vertebral level

A

T5 to T7

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27
Q

What is the hilum of the lung

A

Site where the mediastinal part of parietal pleura is reflected on the root of the lung as a cuff to be continuous with the visceral pleura

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28
Q

What vessels are found inside the hilum of lung

A

Pulmonary bronchi, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins

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29
Q

What are the contents of the root and hilum

A

Main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein (2), bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves and lymphatics

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30
Q

Which lung is usually divided before entering into the actual lung

A

Right side

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31
Q

The pulmonary ligament is what

A

A fold of pleura that projects inferiorly from the root of the lung

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32
Q

The pulmonary ligament extends from

A

Hilum to mediastinum

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33
Q

Pulmonary ligament function

A

Allows movement of the lung root during respiration

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34
Q

What are the fissures in the right lung

A

Oblique and horizontal

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35
Q

What are the lobes in the right lung

A

Superior, middle and lower

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36
Q

What are the fissures in the left lung

A

Oblique

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37
Q

What are the lobes in the left lung

A

Upper and lower

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38
Q

What are the medial impressions of the right lung

A

Heart, IVC, SVC, azygos vein, esophagus and right subclavian vessels

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39
Q

What are the medial impressions of the left lung

A

Heart, arch or aorta, thoracic aorta, esophagus and left subclavian vessels, left brachiocephalic vein

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40
Q

The bronchus starts where

A

C6

41
Q

The bifurcation of trachea is where

A

T5, sternal angle

42
Q

How many main bronchi

A

2

43
Q

Secondary bronchi AKA

A

Lobar bronchi

44
Q

Tertiary bronchi AKA

A

Segmental bronchi

45
Q

Right lung has how many lobar bronchi

A

3

46
Q

Left lung has how many lobar bronchi

A

2

47
Q

How many segmental bronchus total

A

18

48
Q

The left lung has how many segmental bronchus

A

8

49
Q

The right lung has how many segmental bronchus

A

10

50
Q

The trachea is a continuation of what

A

Larynx

51
Q

What is the carina of the trachea

A

Where it splits into two primary bronchus

52
Q

What muscle is found in the trachea

A

Trachealis

53
Q

What forms the trunk of the bronchial tree

A

Trachea

54
Q

The main bronchus has what cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage C rings

55
Q

Lobar bronchus has what cartilage

A

Cartilage plates

56
Q

Does the segmental bronchus contain cartilage

A

No

57
Q

Each main bronchus enters where

A

Root of lung

58
Q

Describe right main bronchus

A

Wider, shorter and more vertical

59
Q

Which main bronchus has usually split into lobar bronchi before entering lung

A

Right

60
Q

Describe left main bronchi

A

Narrower, longer and more angular

61
Q

Each lobar bronchus supplies what

A

A lobe in the lung

62
Q

Lobar bronchi divide into

A

Segmental bronchi

63
Q

Segmental bronchi supply what

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

64
Q

Segmental bronchi give rise to

A

Bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs and alveoli

65
Q

Bronchioles form

A

Terminal bronchioles

66
Q

Terminal bronchioles form

A

Respiratory bronchioles

67
Q

Respiratory bronchioles form

A

Alveolar sacs

68
Q

What are in alveolar sacs

A

Alveoli

69
Q

What are bronchopulmonary segments

A

Area of the lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and its accompanying branch of the pulmonary artery and bronchial arteries

70
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments on right lung

A

10

71
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments on left lung

A

8

72
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments consist of

A

Segmental bronchus, segmental pulmonary artery, lymph vessels, autonomic nerves (pulmonary plexus) and bronchial vessels

73
Q

Bronchial arteries supply

A

Lung tissues

74
Q

The right bronchial artery branches from what

A

Third posterior intercostal artery

75
Q

The right bronchial artery runs

A

Behind bronchial tree of right lung

76
Q

Right bronchial artery supplies

A

Right lung tissue

77
Q

How many left bronchial arteries

A

Two

78
Q

The left bronchial arteries come off of

A

Thoracic aorta

79
Q

They pulmonary arteries come off of

A

Pulmonary trunk

80
Q

Pulmonary arteries function with lungs

A

Sit on capillary beds that are over alveoli sacs for gas exchange

81
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lungs

A

Bronchial veins and pulmonary veins

82
Q

Bronchial veins drain into

A

Pulmonary veins, azygos veins or accessory azygos

83
Q

Pulmonary veins drain into

A

Left atrium

84
Q

What are the arterial supply in lungs

A

Bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries

85
Q

What is the lung innervation

A

Pulmonary plexus, cardiac plexus, autonomic plexus

86
Q

The pulmonary plexus are present where

A

Bifurcation of the trachea

87
Q

The pulmonary plexuses sits where

A

Surface of primary bronchi

88
Q

What are the autonomic plexus of the lung

A

Sympathetic fibers and vagus nerves

89
Q

Is the vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

90
Q

Sympathetic fibers in lungs comes from

A

Sympathetic chain that runs bilaterally next to vertebral column

91
Q

Vagus nerve in lungs is found where

A

Behind the bronchi and posterior esophagus

92
Q

The lung innervation function

A

Regulates bronchial dilation

93
Q

Lymphatic drainage starts where

A

Pulmonary nodes

94
Q

The pulmonary nodes drain into

A

Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes

95
Q

The bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes are found where

A

Entrance of lungs

96
Q

The bronchopulmonary nodes drain into

A

Tracheobronchial nodes

97
Q

Tracheobronchial nodes found where

A

On trachea

98
Q

Tracheobronchial nodes drain into

A

Bronchomediastinal trunks nodes

99
Q

Bronchomediastinal trunk nodes drain into

A

Right lymphatic trunk or thoracic duct

TAP Lecture (8 decks)

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