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IB HOTA > unit One Key Terms > Flashcards

unit One Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Sugar act in the 13 colonies

A

Who: GB colonists
What: tightened enforcements of custom regulations
When: 1765
Why: Brit needed more money be of 7 years war
So what: It tested American unity opponents to the stamp act called for boycotts of British goods

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2
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

Who: Debt-ridden farmers
What: armed movement led by farmers
When: 1786/1787
Where: Massachusetts
Why: Economic policy aggressive tax/ debt collection
So what: The rebellion led to the federal gov realizing they needed a stronger constitution and give more power

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3
Q

French and Indian war (a.k.a 7 years war)

A

Who: GB, France, American Colonist, Natives (Allies with French)

What: War fought between British and French

When: 1754-1763 ended w/ treaty of Paris

Where: North America

Why competition for land and power;expansion

So what; it decided the fate of territory between the Appalachians and Mississippi River. Treaty of Paris = France lost all its American mainland possession

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4
Q

Articles of confederation

A

Who:U.S.
What: a Written document setting up a loose confederation of states
When: 1777/ ratified 1781
Where: Colonies
So what: created congress w/ few powers. Congress had no power to tax, it was too weak which lead to a new one

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5
Q

Revolutionary war

A 
Who: Patriots vs. loyalists , GB
What: War between GB and colonist wanting freedom
Where: American continent
When: 1776
Why: colonists wanted independence
So what: u.s. Won =new nation
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6
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Who: TJ
What: U.S constitution; declaring Independence from Brits
When: 1776
Where: America
Why: to declare independence and state grievances
So what: shaped gov’t independence from Brits gov.

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7
Q

U.S. Constitution and bill of rights

A 
Who: Federalists and anti Feds
What: new u.s. Constitution 
When: created 1787 ratified 1788
Where: U.S.
Why articles of confederacy too weak
So What: Bill of Rights added to lessen anti-fed fears (feared strong central gov.) created 3 branches of government.
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8
Q

KY and VA

A

James Madison and TJ
What: protests against alien and sedition acts
When: 1789&1799
Where: KY VA
Why: alien and sedition acts viewed as unconstitutional
So What: stated/advocated that states have the right to nullify unconstitutional laws

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9
Q

Embargo Act

A

Who: TJ
What: Act passed that prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port
When: 1807
Why: because of impressment
So what: they economy went down bc it stopped trade

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10
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

Who: Brit and U.S.
What: treaty w/GB ; U.S. Made major concessions to export
When:1794
Where:London
Why: release post war tensions
So what: British withdrawal from American soil, limited trade w/ Brit, represented Hamilton’s conceptions of American neutrality, Jeffersonian upset

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11
Q

1837 Rebellion

A

Who: ppl in upper and lower Canada
What: armed uprising that took place in lower Canada
When/where lower and upper Canada 1837
How: armed rebellion who wanted responsible gov
Why: motivated by frustration & political reform
So what: led to Brit North America act of 1840

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12
Q

British North America

A

Who: British, Brit north Am’s
What: colonies and territories of the British empire in N.A
When: 1700
Where: Present day Canada; continental North America
Why: British set up colonies there
So what: this area once was occupied by both the French and the British, however w/ the treaty of Paris, France lost all its land in North America

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13
Q

Iroquois

A

Who: a group of Native Indians; tribes
What: confederation of Indian tribes
When: 1700’s
Where: border between New France & New York
Why: joined to stand together against invasion.
So what: during the French & Indian war they would play off one Euro power against the other, to their advantage. Viewed as political threat even though undermined, for now.

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14
Q

Trail of tear/ Indian Territory

A

who; cherokee
what: removal of cherokees out of oklahoma
when:1838
How: 7,000 army escorted them out
Why: They interfered with the manifest destiny
So what: Lands of the Natives were taken to expand across the continent

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15
Q

Jacksonian Democracy

A 
Who: Andrew Jackson
What:suffrage, federalist
when:1829-1837
how: restricted white supremacy
So what: Jackson's presidency led to trail of tears
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16
Q

Texas Revolution

A

who: General Santa-Ana, Americans and Tejanos
what: A Rebellion against mexico
When: 1836
Where: Mexico
why: Texas wanted Independence
How: Texas held the mission Alamo fortress against santa ana
So what: Texas became an independent republic then was annexed by U.S.

17
Q

Founding Fathers (7)

A

Who: John Adams, Benj Franklin, Alexander Hamilton John Jay, TJ, JAmes Madison, and George Washington.
What: contributed to advancement of the U.S.
Where: U.S.
So What: created documents and treaties and became presidents.

18
Q

California

A

Who:James W. Marshall (found first piece of gold)
What: GOld Rush
when 1849
Where: sutter’s mill
why: cali was able to become a state because its population grew.
how; mine workers or ppl seeking to find gold
so what: Gold rush brought a diverse population into california (chinese miners)

19
Q

James Polk (manifest destiny)

A

who: 11th president
what: believed in manifest destiny& started mexican american war
when; 1845-1849
why: to fulfill manifest destiny
how: took land from indian and defeated mexican
so what: U.S. gained oregon, texas, and cali

20
Q

Federalist vs. Antifederalist

A

who: f= support constitution, AF= opposed constitution
What; competed for their side
where: U.S.
so what: formed national govs based beliefs

21
Q

Nullification crisis

A

who: Andrew J & Calhoun led south carolina
what: sectional crisis during presidency of Andrew JAckson
when: 1832
how: Andrew Jackson sent federal troops
why: SC threatened to seced

22
Q

upper and lower canada

A

who: British and French
what: upper= brits; lower= French
when: merged in 1840
where : canada
why: GB looked down on US
so what: Merged in 1840

23
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

who: written by James Monroe
what: a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of American continent
when/where: written in 1823
why: To tell European powers to stay out of the western hemisphere
so what: Europeans didn’t stay out

24
Q

Spanish Missions

A

Who: Catholic Church/ Father Sara
WHat: Series of 21 religious and military outposts
when:1769-1849
where: California
why: built to spread christianity among local nations
so what: Gov’t of Mexico secularized the missions and divided the land into land grants which became many of the Ranchos in CA

25
Q

Henry Clay

A 
Who: secretary of state under John Adams
What: American system
When: 1816
Where: U.S.
how: for infrastructure, tariff , and strong national bank
26
Q

Cuadilllos

A

Who:military war lord (santa ana)
What: Spanish military war lord
Where: Mexico
so what: very powerful, put themselves and family as leaders

27
Q

Civil Disobedience

A

Who: essay written by Thoreau
What: justified individuals moral duty 2 oppose immoral gov’t
Why: didn’t want to pay taxes4 war and they put him in jail.
So what: His essays were used to campaign against war

28
Q

Mexican- American War

A

Who: James Polk & general taylor
What: War between Mexico and Americans, to expand
When/where: 1846-48 in mexico & texas
why: U.S. crossed mex border at rio grande (“to protect Texas”)
how:U.S. offered 30 billion for rio grande but mexico refused so Polk sent troops to battle with mexico.
U.S. won and gained territory. War ended with treaty of Guadalpe.

29
Q

Bank of U.S.

A

who: Hamilton
When: 1797 and 1816
where: Philadelphia
why: Hamilton Thought necessary to stabilize and improve nation’s economic stability
so what: bank war, Jackson vetoed renewal of second bank

30
Q

George Washington

A

who: first U.S. pres
when 1789
where: US
so what: favored hamilton’s agenda over hamilton even tho he doesnt believe in political parties

31
Q

War of 1812

A

who: U.S. (henry clay and calhoun) vs brits and Indians
what: War between brits and U.S
where: mostly @border of canada
when: 1812-1815
so what: there was really no clear winner except the lost of the indians and their land.

32
Q

republican motherhood

A

who:women
what:gave woman a chance to seek education and participate in culture
why: so that woman can teach their children republican views
how: educating women
so what: it gave women a voice/chance in society

33
Q

whigs

A

who: political party
what: initiators & beneficiaries of economic change
when mid 19th century
how: Supported Henry Clay
why: had democratic in perfectibility of all
so what: some leaders of the whigs became presidnts

34
Q

overland trails

A

who: trails settlers used to go west
what: trails
when/where: banks of missouri to oregon
why: expansion
how: traveled by wagon
so what: ppl settled in the west

IB HOTA (8 decks)

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