unit One Key Terms Flashcards
Sugar act in the 13 colonies
Who: GB colonists
What: tightened enforcements of custom regulations
When: 1765
Why: Brit needed more money be of 7 years war
So what: It tested American unity opponents to the stamp act called for boycotts of British goods
Shay’s rebellion
Who: Debt-ridden farmers
What: armed movement led by farmers
When: 1786/1787
Where: Massachusetts
Why: Economic policy aggressive tax/ debt collection
So what: The rebellion led to the federal gov realizing they needed a stronger constitution and give more power
French and Indian war (a.k.a 7 years war)
Who: GB, France, American Colonist, Natives (Allies with French)
What: War fought between British and French
When: 1754-1763 ended w/ treaty of Paris
Where: North America
Why competition for land and power;expansion
So what; it decided the fate of territory between the Appalachians and Mississippi River. Treaty of Paris = France lost all its American mainland possession
Articles of confederation
Who:U.S.
What: a Written document setting up a loose confederation of states
When: 1777/ ratified 1781
Where: Colonies
So what: created congress w/ few powers. Congress had no power to tax, it was too weak which lead to a new one
Revolutionary war
Who: Patriots vs. loyalists , GB What: War between GB and colonist wanting freedom Where: American continent When: 1776 Why: colonists wanted independence So what: u.s. Won =new nation
Declaration of Independence
Who: TJ
What: U.S constitution; declaring Independence from Brits
When: 1776
Where: America
Why: to declare independence and state grievances
So what: shaped gov’t independence from Brits gov.
U.S. Constitution and bill of rights
Who: Federalists and anti Feds What: new u.s. Constitution When: created 1787 ratified 1788 Where: U.S. Why articles of confederacy too weak So What: Bill of Rights added to lessen anti-fed fears (feared strong central gov.) created 3 branches of government.
KY and VA
James Madison and TJ
What: protests against alien and sedition acts
When: 1789&1799
Where: KY VA
Why: alien and sedition acts viewed as unconstitutional
So What: stated/advocated that states have the right to nullify unconstitutional laws
Embargo Act
Who: TJ
What: Act passed that prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port
When: 1807
Why: because of impressment
So what: they economy went down bc it stopped trade
Jay’s Treaty
Who: Brit and U.S.
What: treaty w/GB ; U.S. Made major concessions to export
When:1794
Where:London
Why: release post war tensions
So what: British withdrawal from American soil, limited trade w/ Brit, represented Hamilton’s conceptions of American neutrality, Jeffersonian upset
1837 Rebellion
Who: ppl in upper and lower Canada
What: armed uprising that took place in lower Canada
When/where lower and upper Canada 1837
How: armed rebellion who wanted responsible gov
Why: motivated by frustration & political reform
So what: led to Brit North America act of 1840
British North America
Who: British, Brit north Am’s
What: colonies and territories of the British empire in N.A
When: 1700
Where: Present day Canada; continental North America
Why: British set up colonies there
So what: this area once was occupied by both the French and the British, however w/ the treaty of Paris, France lost all its land in North America
Iroquois
Who: a group of Native Indians; tribes
What: confederation of Indian tribes
When: 1700’s
Where: border between New France & New York
Why: joined to stand together against invasion.
So what: during the French & Indian war they would play off one Euro power against the other, to their advantage. Viewed as political threat even though undermined, for now.
Trail of tear/ Indian Territory
who; cherokee
what: removal of cherokees out of oklahoma
when:1838
How: 7,000 army escorted them out
Why: They interfered with the manifest destiny
So what: Lands of the Natives were taken to expand across the continent
Jacksonian Democracy
Who: Andrew Jackson What:suffrage, federalist when:1829-1837 how: restricted white supremacy So what: Jackson's presidency led to trail of tears
Texas Revolution
who: General Santa-Ana, Americans and Tejanos
what: A Rebellion against mexico
When: 1836
Where: Mexico
why: Texas wanted Independence
How: Texas held the mission Alamo fortress against santa ana
So what: Texas became an independent republic then was annexed by U.S.
Founding Fathers (7)
Who: John Adams, Benj Franklin, Alexander Hamilton John Jay, TJ, JAmes Madison, and George Washington.
What: contributed to advancement of the U.S.
Where: U.S.
So What: created documents and treaties and became presidents.
California
Who:James W. Marshall (found first piece of gold)
What: GOld Rush
when 1849
Where: sutter’s mill
why: cali was able to become a state because its population grew.
how; mine workers or ppl seeking to find gold
so what: Gold rush brought a diverse population into california (chinese miners)
James Polk (manifest destiny)
who: 11th president
what: believed in manifest destiny& started mexican american war
when; 1845-1849
why: to fulfill manifest destiny
how: took land from indian and defeated mexican
so what: U.S. gained oregon, texas, and cali
Federalist vs. Antifederalist
who: f= support constitution, AF= opposed constitution
What; competed for their side
where: U.S.
so what: formed national govs based beliefs
Nullification crisis
who: Andrew J & Calhoun led south carolina
what: sectional crisis during presidency of Andrew JAckson
when: 1832
how: Andrew Jackson sent federal troops
why: SC threatened to seced
upper and lower canada
who: British and French
what: upper= brits; lower= French
when: merged in 1840
where : canada
why: GB looked down on US
so what: Merged in 1840
Monroe Doctrine
who: written by James Monroe
what: a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of American continent
when/where: written in 1823
why: To tell European powers to stay out of the western hemisphere
so what: Europeans didn’t stay out
Spanish Missions
Who: Catholic Church/ Father Sara
WHat: Series of 21 religious and military outposts
when:1769-1849
where: California
why: built to spread christianity among local nations
so what: Gov’t of Mexico secularized the missions and divided the land into land grants which became many of the Ranchos in CA
Henry Clay
Who: secretary of state under John Adams What: American system When: 1816 Where: U.S. how: for infrastructure, tariff , and strong national bank
Cuadilllos
Who:military war lord (santa ana)
What: Spanish military war lord
Where: Mexico
so what: very powerful, put themselves and family as leaders
Civil Disobedience
Who: essay written by Thoreau
What: justified individuals moral duty 2 oppose immoral gov’t
Why: didn’t want to pay taxes4 war and they put him in jail.
So what: His essays were used to campaign against war
Mexican- American War
Who: James Polk & general taylor
What: War between Mexico and Americans, to expand
When/where: 1846-48 in mexico & texas
why: U.S. crossed mex border at rio grande (“to protect Texas”)
how:U.S. offered 30 billion for rio grande but mexico refused so Polk sent troops to battle with mexico.
U.S. won and gained territory. War ended with treaty of Guadalpe.
Bank of U.S.
who: Hamilton
When: 1797 and 1816
where: Philadelphia
why: Hamilton Thought necessary to stabilize and improve nation’s economic stability
so what: bank war, Jackson vetoed renewal of second bank
George Washington
who: first U.S. pres
when 1789
where: US
so what: favored hamilton’s agenda over hamilton even tho he doesnt believe in political parties
War of 1812
who: U.S. (henry clay and calhoun) vs brits and Indians
what: War between brits and U.S
where: mostly @border of canada
when: 1812-1815
so what: there was really no clear winner except the lost of the indians and their land.
republican motherhood
who:women
what:gave woman a chance to seek education and participate in culture
why: so that woman can teach their children republican views
how: educating women
so what: it gave women a voice/chance in society
whigs
who: political party
what: initiators & beneficiaries of economic change
when mid 19th century
how: Supported Henry Clay
why: had democratic in perfectibility of all
so what: some leaders of the whigs became presidnts
overland trails
who: trails settlers used to go west
what: trails
when/where: banks of missouri to oregon
why: expansion
how: traveled by wagon
so what: ppl settled in the west
