cold war part 2 Flashcards
Paul Nitze
head of NSC and delivered NSC 68 to Truman
NSC 68
US needs to change containment policy
- US is the only country that can contain communism
- scope of containment must be global
- use of force must remain a reliable option
- increase military expenditures x4
domino theory
if smaller countries fall to communism their neighboring countries will too.
Krushchev’s New course
Peaceful coexistence
- conflict between East and West is avoidable
- capitalism and communism need to cooperate
- capitalism will die out on its own
John Foster Dulles
Secretary of State of Eisenhower. very anti communist
Eisenhower’s new look
“roll back” communism = more than just containment
- “massive retaliation”- huge stock of nuclear weapons so USSR would dare attack
- proactively containing communism with SEATO and METO/SENTO
- extensive use of CIA
- Brinkmanship - war as close as possible but not actually get into war.
UN resolution 181
“the partition resolution”
Israel was created=ally=strategic anti communist beachhead @Eastern Med force
Results in Blowback - radical muslim organizations
operation ajax
led by allen dulles
In 1953, Kermit Roosevelt was sent to coordinate the toppling of the democratically elected government (led by Mohammed Mosaddegh) because they were trying to nationalize their oil.
Mosaddegh was imprisoned and sent into exile.
The CIA implemented Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, who was anti communist.
He also violated human rights in the country and established a dictatorship for 25 years.
Geneva Conference
1954 divided Vietnam at 17th parallel
Killian report
James Killian
Report for Eisenhower
“the US’s defenses are not in as good shape as we thought they were”.
The USSR leads in long-range rocketry
The USSR will secure a nuclear deterrent soon
The US’s nuclear superiority will not endure longer than the next 3-5 years
Geneva Summit
1955
first meeting since ‘45
USSR: Disband nato and warsaw, foreign troop withdrawal from Europe, re-unified Germany w/ free elections
US: “open skies” and exchange of military plans
Secret Speech
“Kruschev Thaw”
destalinization
non aligned movement
“third world” Alfred Saovy
from French estates “third class”
5 pillars
By Indian PM Jawaharal Mehrv
1) respect territorial integrity
2) mutual non-aggression
3) mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
4) equally and mutual benefit
5) peaceful co-esxistence
Bandung
1955
29 states from Asia and Africa invited by PM Sukarno (Indonesia) to promote economic and cultural cooperation
