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Grade 11 Biology > Unit One: Genetic Processes > Flashcards

Unit One: Genetic Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What purpose does DNA serve?

A

It serves as the genetic blueprint that gives the instructions for building and maintaining an organism

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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3
Q

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases?

A

Thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine

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4
Q

Which bases pair together?

A

Adenine + thymine and cytosine + gucinine

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5
Q

What is the shape of a DNA sequence called?

A

A double helix

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6
Q

What is the backbone of the double helix made up of?

A

Sugar and phosphate

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7
Q

What is the definition of heredity?

A

The passing of traits from one generation to the next through genetic information

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8
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

The individual units that make up the structure of DNA ( made of sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base)

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9
Q

What is a base pairing?

A

The specific combination of nitrogenous bases

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10
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

The most condensed form of DNA and proteins

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11
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One half of a duplicated chromosome

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12
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

Two identical chromatids that make up a duplicated chromosome

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13
Q

What is a centromere?

A

The region on a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined

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14
Q

What are genes?

A

Segments of DNA that carry the instructions for making specific proteins and determining traits

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15
Q

What are traits?

A

Characteristics/ features of an organism that are determined by its DNA

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16
Q

What happens during the g 1 phase?

A

The cell grows and carries out normal functions, preparing for DNA replication

17
Q

What happens during the s phase?

A

DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes

18
Q

What happens during the g 2 phase?

A

The cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division

19
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

Nucleus and cytoplasm divide to produce two identical daughter cells

20
Q

What happens during the g 0 phase?

A

A non dividing phase where cells are not actively progressing through the cell cycle

21
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

The nucleus is still intact, chromosomes are condensing and visable

22
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, nucleus is gone

23
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The chromatids are moving towards opposite poles of the cell wall via spindles

Grade 11 Biology (2 decks)

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