Unit 4: Body Systems

Question 1

What are macronutrients?

Answer 1

Essential nutrients that are required by the body in relatively large quantities

Question 2

What are micronutrients?

Answer 2

Essential nutrients required by the body in smaller quantities ( vitamins and minerals)

Question 3

What are vitamins?

Answer 3

Organic nutrients that regulate chemical reactions in bodily processes

Question 4

What are minerals?

Answer 4

Inorganic nutrients which regulate chemical reactions

Question 5

What are the four stages of food processing?

Answer 5

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 6

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 6

Mechanical and chemical

Question 7

What is the mouth?

Answer 7

The site of ingestion where food is taken into the body

Question 8

What do the salivary glands produce?

Answer 8

Amylase, lysozyme, water

Question 9

What does amylase do?

Answer 9

Breaks down complex carbs into sugars

Question 10

What does lysozyme do?

Answer 10

Kills unwanted bacteria

Question 11

What is a bolus?

Answer 11

A lump of chewed food and saliva

Question 12

What is an enzyme?

Answer 12

A biological catalyst, typically a protein, that speeds up chemical reactions

Question 13

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 13

A flap of cartilage that temporarily seals off the airway to direct the food through the pharynx into the esophagus

Question 14

What is the esophagus?

Answer 14

A long muscle encased tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Question 15

What is peristalsis?

Answer 15

Muscle contractions that move the bolus down the esophagus

Question 16

What are the two sphincters in the stomach?

Answer 16

The lower esophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincter

Question 17

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 17

It controls the movement of food between the esophagus and the stomach

Question 18

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 18

Controls the movement of food between the stomach and the duodenum

Question 19

What 3 substances are released during chemical digestion?

Answer 19

HCL, Pepsin, lipase

Question 20

What does HCL do?

Answer 20

Breaks apart the cells of food

Question 21

What does Pepsin do?

Answer 21

Breaks down proteins

Question 22

What does lipase do?

Answer 22

Breaks down lipids

Question 23

What is chyme?

Answer 23

A mixture of partially digested food, acid, and digestive enzymes

Question 24

What is the duodenum and what does it do?

Answer 24

The first section of the small intestine. Nearly all of the chemical digestion happens here

Question 25

What is the duodenum?

Answer 25

The first section of the small intestine where almost all chemical digestion occurs

Question 26

What are the 3 main functions of the liver?

Answer 26

Processing nutrients, excretes bile to the small intestine, metabolizes and eliminates drugs and toxins

Question 27

What chemicals does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 27

Bicarbonate, amylase, trypsin, lipase, insulin, glucagon

Question 28

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 28

It collects the bile that the liver produces, which helps emulsify fats

Question 29

What is emulsification?

Answer 29

A mixture of tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another

Question 30

What is the jejunum?

Answer 30

A part of the small intestine where most absorption of nutrients occurs

Question 31

What is the ileum?

Answer 31

The final section of the small intestine where any remaining things are absorbed, vitamins mostly

Question 32

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 32

Reabsorbs water

Question 33

What are the parts of the large intestine, in order?

Answer 33

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 34

What are the two rectum sphincters?

Answer 34

Internal and external sphincter