Unit 3: Diversity of living things

Question 1

What is classification?

Answer 1

The act of categorizing and organizing objects or ideas into groups based on shared characteristics, properties or relationships

Question 2

What is taxonomy?

Answer 2

The science of identifying and classifying all organisms

Question 3

What is taxa?

Answer 3

Each level of classification

Question 4

What does domain classify organisms based on?

Answer 4

Fundamental cellular and molecular characteristics

Question 5

What does kingdom classify organisms based on?

Answer 5

Fundamental similarities in basic structure and way of life

Question 6

What does phylum classify organisms based on?

Answer 6

Based on major body plans and structural features

Question 7

What does class classify organisms based on?

Answer 7

Based on additional shared characteristics more specific than phylum level

Question 8

What does order classify organisms based on?

Answer 8

Based on similarities in behavior, physiology, and other characteristics

Question 9

What does family classify organisms based on?

Answer 9

Based on more specific features that reflect close evolutionary relationships

Question 10

What does genus classify organisms based on?

Answer 10

Based on more specific characteristics

Question 11

What does species classify organisms based on?

Answer 11

Based on whether organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 12

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 12

A two name system used to write the scientific names of all organisms. It is composed of the genus, then species name

Question 13

What is a dichotomous key?

Answer 13

A tool to identify organisms with a series of two choice questions

Question 14

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 14

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 15

What makes eukaryotes unique?

Answer 15

They have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 16

What makes prokaryotes unique?

Answer 16

They lack a true nucleus and and other membrane bound organelles

Question 17

What is archaea?

Answer 17

Ancient single celled organisms

Question 18

What unique structures do bacteria have?

Answer 18

Capsule, Plasmid, Pilli, Nucleoid, Flagellum

Question 19

What are ascomycota?

Answer 19

Sac fungi, which produce spores in sac like structures

Question 20

What are basidiomycota?

Answer 20

Club fungi which produce spores on specialized club shaped structures

Question 21

What are glomeromycota?

Answer 21

Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots ( mycorrhizae)

Question 22

What are hyphae?

Answer 22

Elongated structures that form the basic structures of fungi. All parts of the fungus are made of hyphae

Question 23

What are mycelium?

Answer 23

The collective mass of hyphae that forms a network that’s responsible for nutrient absorption

Question 24

What are spores?

Answer 24

Reproductive cells that disperse to initiate the growth of new fungal organisms

Question 25

What is the fruiting body?

Answer 25

The part of the mushroom that produces spores

Question 26

What is the cell wall?

Answer 26

A structural polysaccharide that provides support to fungal cell walls

Question 27

What is sporulation?

Answer 27

The production of asexual spores in specialized structures

Question 28

What is fragmentation?

Answer 28

When portions of the mycelium break off and develop into new individuals

Question 29

What is budding?

Answer 29

When small buds form on the parent cell and eventually detaches to become a new individual

Question 30

What does it mean when an organism is a saprophyte?

Answer 30

Organisms that break down dead, organic material

Question 31

Why are protists called "the misfit kingdom"?

Answer 31

It's a kingdom used to classify eukaryotic organisms that don't fit into any other kingdoms

Question 32

What are protozoa?

Answer 32

Animal like protists that can move and digest food that they capture

Question 33

What are algae?

Answer 33

Plant like protists that can do photosynthesis

Question 34

What are slime molds?

Answer 34

Fungi like protists that are often found in decaying organic matter

Question 35

What are the 3 ways protists can be organized?

Answer 35

Unicellular, multicellular, and colonial

Question 36

What does the capsule do?

Answer 36

It protects the bacteria and helps the cell adhere to surfaces

Question 37

What does the flagellum do?

Answer 37

Helps the bacteria move (whip like appendage)

Question 38

What is a plasmid?

Answer 38

Small pieces of DNA that are separated from the nucleoid

Question 39

What are the pilli?

Answer 39

Short structures that help the bacteria attach to surfaces

Question 40

What is the nucleoid?

Answer 40

Where most of the bacterias DNA is

Question 41

What shape does bacillus bacteria have?

Answer 41

Rod shaped

Question 42

What shape does spirilum bacteria have?

Answer 42

Spiral shape

Question 43

What shape does coccus bacteria have?

Answer 43

Spherical shape

Question 44

What shape does staphylococcus bacteria have?

Answer 44

Clusters of spheres

Question 45

What shape does Streptococcus bacteria have

Answer 45

Chains of spheres

Question 46

What shape does diplococcus bacteria have?

Answer 46

Pairs of spheres

Question 47

What is an obligate aerobe?

Answer 47

Organism that requires oxygen for growth

Question 48

What is an obligate anaerobe?

Answer 48

Organism that can't survive without oxygen

Question 49

What is a facultative aerobe?

Answer 49

Organism that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 50

What is a chemoheterotroph?

Answer 50

An organism that obtains its energy from chemicals and carbon from organic compounds (eating other organisms)

Question 51

What is a photoautotroph?

Answer 51

An organism that uses light as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source

Question 52

What is a photoheterotroph?

Answer 52

An organism that uses light for an energy source and gets carbon from eating other organisms

Question 53

What is a chemoheterotroph?

Answer 53

An organism that uses chemicals for an energy source and gets carbon from eating other organisms

Question 54

What is vertical gene transfer?

Answer 54

A single cell divides itself into the two identical daughter cells

Question 55

What is horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 55

The transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another

Question 56

What is transformation?

Answer 56

Bacteria takes DNA from their environment and incorporates it into its own genome

Question 57

What is conjugation?

Answer 57

Bacteria transfer genetic material through a pilus, exchanging plasmids

Question 58

What is transduction?

Answer 58

DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by bacteriophages

Question 59

Why are archaea called extremophiles?

Answer 59

They are able to survive extreme environmental conditions

Question 60

What are thermophiles?

Answer 60

Can withstand high temperatures

Question 61

What are psychrophiles?

Answer 61

Can withstand cold temperatures

Question 62

What are halophiles?

Answer 62

Can withstand extremely salty conditions

Question 63

What are acidophiles?

Answer 63

Can withstand highly acidic conditions

Question 64

What are alkaliphiles?

Answer 64

Can withstand alkaline conditions

Question 65

Describe the lytic cycle

Answer 65

A virus binds to the surface of a cell and injects its DNA, forms a loop, instructs the cell to make more copies of viral DNA, cell explodes and releases capsids

Question 66

Describe the lysogenic cycle

Answer 66

Virus inserts its DNA into a cell, DNA forms a loop, insert itself into the bacteria s chromosome, each time the bacterium duplicates the viruses DNA will be duplicated