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Grade 11 Biology > Unit 3: Diversity of living things > Flashcards

Unit 3: Diversity of living things Flashcards

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1
Q

What is classification?

A

The act of categorizing and organizing objects or ideas into groups based on shared characteristics, properties or relationships

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2
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of identifying and classifying all organisms

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3
Q

What is taxa?

A

Each level of classification

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4
Q

What does domain classify organisms based on?

A

Fundamental cellular and molecular characteristics

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5
Q

What does kingdom classify organisms based on?

A

Fundamental similarities in basic structure and way of life

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6
Q

What does phylum classify organisms based on?

A

Based on major body plans and structural features

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7
Q

What does class classify organisms based on?

A

Based on additional shared characteristics more specific than phylum level

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8
Q

What does order classify organisms based on?

A

Based on similarities in behavior, physiology, and other characteristics

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9
Q

What does family classify organisms based on?

A

Based on more specific features that reflect close evolutionary relationships

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10
Q

What does genus classify organisms based on?

A

Based on more specific characteristics

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11
Q

What does species classify organisms based on?

A

Based on whether organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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12
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

A two name system used to write the scientific names of all organisms. It is composed of the genus, then species name

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13
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

A tool to identify organisms with a series of two choice questions

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14
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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15
Q

What makes eukaryotes unique?

A

They have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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16
Q

What makes prokaryotes unique?

A

They lack a true nucleus and and other membrane bound organelles

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17
Q

What is archaea?

A

Ancient single celled organisms

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18
Q

What unique structures do bacteria have?

A

Capsule, Plasmid, Pilli, Nucleoid, Flagellum

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19
Q

What are ascomycota?

A

Sac fungi, which produce spores in sac like structures

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20
Q

What are basidiomycota?

A

Club fungi which produce spores on specialized club shaped structures

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21
Q

What are glomeromycota?

A

Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots ( mycorrhizae)

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22
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Elongated structures that form the basic structures of fungi. All parts of the fungus are made of hyphae

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23
Q

What are mycelium?

A

The collective mass of hyphae that forms a network that’s responsible for nutrient absorption

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24
Q

What are spores?

A

Reproductive cells that disperse to initiate the growth of new fungal organisms

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25
Q

What is the fruiting body?

A

The part of the mushroom that produces spores

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26
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A structural polysaccharide that provides support to fungal cell walls

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27
Q

What is sporulation?

A

The production of asexual spores in specialized structures

28
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

When portions of the mycelium break off and develop into new individuals

29
Q

What is budding?

A

When small buds form on the parent cell and eventually detaches to become a new individual

30
Q

What does it mean when an organism is a saprophyte?

A

Organisms that break down dead, organic material

31
Q

Why are protists called “the misfit kingdom”?

A

It’s a kingdom used to classify eukaryotic organisms that don’t fit into any other kingdoms

32
Q

What are protozoa?

A

Animal like protists that can move and digest food that they capture

33
Q

What are algae?

A

Plant like protists that can do photosynthesis

34
Q

What are slime molds?

A

Fungi like protists that are often found in decaying organic matter

35
Q

What are the 3 ways protists can be organized?

A

Unicellular, multicellular, and colonial

36
Q

What does the capsule do?

A

It protects the bacteria and helps the cell adhere to surfaces

37
Q

What does the flagellum do?

A

Helps the bacteria move (whip like appendage)

38
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

Small pieces of DNA that are separated from the nucleoid

39
Q

What are the pilli?

A

Short structures that help the bacteria attach to surfaces

40
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

Where most of the bacterias DNA is

41
Q

What shape does bacillus bacteria have?

A

Rod shaped

42
Q

What shape does spirilum bacteria have?

A

Spiral shape

43
Q

What shape does coccus bacteria have?

A

Spherical shape

44
Q

What shape does staphylococcus bacteria have?

A

Clusters of spheres

45
Q

What shape does Streptococcus bacteria have

A

Chains of spheres

46
Q

What shape does diplococcus bacteria have?

A

Pairs of spheres

47
Q

What is an obligate aerobe?

A

Organism that requires oxygen for growth

48
Q

What is an obligate anaerobe?

A

Organism that can’t survive without oxygen

49
Q

What is a facultative aerobe?

A

Organism that can survive with or without oxygen

50
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph?

A

An organism that obtains its energy from chemicals and carbon from organic compounds (eating other organisms)

51
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

An organism that uses light as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source

52
Q

What is a photoheterotroph?

A

An organism that uses light for an energy source and gets carbon from eating other organisms

53
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph?

A

An organism that uses chemicals for an energy source and gets carbon from eating other organisms

54
Q

What is vertical gene transfer?

A

A single cell divides itself into the two identical daughter cells

55
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

The transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another

56
Q

What is transformation?

A

Bacteria takes DNA from their environment and incorporates it into its own genome

57
Q

What is conjugation?

A

Bacteria transfer genetic material through a pilus, exchanging plasmids

58
Q

What is transduction?

A

DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by bacteriophages

59
Q

Why are archaea called extremophiles?

A

They are able to survive extreme environmental conditions

60
Q

What are thermophiles?

A

Can withstand high temperatures

61
Q

What are psychrophiles?

A

Can withstand cold temperatures

62
Q

What are halophiles?

A

Can withstand extremely salty conditions

63
Q

What are acidophiles?

A

Can withstand highly acidic conditions

64
Q

What are alkaliphiles?

A

Can withstand alkaline conditions

65
Q

Describe the lytic cycle

A

A virus binds to the surface of a cell and injects its DNA, forms a loop, instructs the cell to make more copies of viral DNA, cell explodes and releases capsids

66
Q

Describe the lysogenic cycle

A

Virus inserts its DNA into a cell, DNA forms a loop, insert itself into the bacteria s chromosome, each time the bacterium duplicates the viruses DNA will be duplicated

Grade 11 Biology (5 decks)

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