Unit 0: Introduction Flashcards
Define purpose
A statement that describes the reason or objective of performing an experiment/ study
Define hypothesis
A testable prediction or educated guess that suggests an expected outcome based on available information and prior knowledge. Follows an “if…..then” format
Define materials
A list of all equipment, substances, and items needed to conduct an experiment
Define procedure
A step by step set of instructions outlining how an experiment or research study will be conducted, including order of activity
Define observations/ data
Recorded information, measurements, or facts gathered during an experiment or study
Define independent variable
The factor in an experiment that is deliberately changed to observe its effects on the dependant variable
Define dependent variable
The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment and is Influenced by changes in the independent variable
Define control variable
A variable that is intentionally kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure that it does not effect the outcome
Define quantitative data
Data that is expressed in numerical values and can be measured and counted
Define qualitative data
Data that is descriptive in nature and often involves non numerical observations
Define discussion
A section of a report where the results of a study are interpreted, analyzed and discussed in the context of the hypothesis
What does a condenser lens do?
The condenser lens focuses light on a specimen
What does a diaphragm do?
The diaphragm adjusts the amount of light shone on the specimen
What is the stage?
The stage is where the specimen is placed for viewing
What are the objective lenses?
The objective lenses help to adjust the level of magnification of a specimen
What does the nose do?
The nose allows the objective lenses to be switched
What does the eyepiece lens do?
The eyepiece lens allows you to see the specimen and also magnifies it
What does the coarse focus knob do?
The coarse focus knob raises the stage rougher than the fine focus knob
What does the fine focus knob do?
The fine focus knob raises the stage in smaller increments
What do the stage knobs do?
The stage knobs move the stage from side to side
What are the 4 main classes of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What role do carbohydrates play in cells?
Carbohydrates are used to provide energy to the cells
How do lipids contribute to cells?
Lipids make up the membranes of cells, serve as long term energy storage, and help with insulation
How do proteins contribute to the cells?
They make up protein channels, act as receptors, and make up enzymes and antibodies
What is the purpose of nucleic acids?
They hold your genetic information and help make your traits
What are the seven characteristics of life?
Organization, homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, response to stimuli, and evolution
What are the seven characteristics of life?
Organization, homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, growth and development, response to stimuli, and evolution
Describe organization
All living things are made up of cells
Describe homeostasis
All living things need to regulate their internal conditions
Describe metabolism
All living things need to store and use energy
Describe reproduction
All living things have the ability to reproduce
Describe growth and development
All living things grow and develop based on their genetic instructions
Describe response to stimuli
All living things respond to stimuli in themselves and their environment
Describe evolution
All living things can evolve over time
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles
Describe the function of the cell membrane
It lets certain materials into and out of the cell
Describe the function of the cytoplasm
It surrounds all the organelles
Describe the function of the cytoskeleton
It provides support for the cell and other organelles
Describe the functions of the ribosomes
They produce proteins
Describe the functions of the nucleus
It contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells activity
Describe the function of the rough ER
It produces and transports proteins (it’s covered in ribosomes)
Describe the function of the rough ER
It produces and transports proteins (it’s covered in ribosomes)
Describe the function of the smooth ER
It detoxifies and produces types of the lipids
Describe the function of the golgi apparatus
It receives materials, modifies molecules, sorts material and determines where to send them
Describe the function of the mitochondria
It produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
What is a monomer?
A small single molecular unit that makes up polymer
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer for lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the monomer for proteins?
Amino acids
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
